270 LIGjyiENTS OF THE STERNUM. 



Ligaments on the Anterior part of the Thorax. 



The membrane proper to the sternum is a firm expansion, 

 composed of tendinous fibres running in different directions, 

 and covering the anterior and posterior surfaces of the bone, 

 being confounded with the periosteum. 



The ligaments of the cartilago ensiformis are part of the 

 proper membrane of the sternum, divided into strong bands, 

 which run obliquely from the under and forepart of the second 

 bone of the sternum, and from the cartilages of the seventh 

 pair of ribs, to be fixed to the cartilago ensiformis. The liga- 

 ments covering the sternum serve considerably to strengthen 

 that bone. 



There are also thin tendinous expansions which run over 

 the intercostal muscles at the fore part of the thorax, and connect 

 the cartilages of the ribs to each other. 



Ligaments of the Bones of the Pelvis. 



Articulations of the vertebral column with the pelvis. The 

 lowermost lumbar vertebra is articulated with the sacrum in the 

 same manner as the vertebrae are articulated with each other, 

 viz., by the common anterior and posterior ligaments of the 

 spinal column, intervertebral substance, yellow elastic liga- 

 ments, capsular ligaments covering the oblique processes, and 

 the interspinal ligaments. Two other ligaments connecting it 

 with the bones of the pelvis, are denominated the ilio lumbar or 

 lumbo-iliac ligament, and the sacro-vertebral or lumbar sacral 

 ligament. From their direction they are sometimes called the 

 two transverse ligaments of the pelvis. 



The ilio-lumbar, (see fig. 62, p. 257,) arises from the point of 

 the transverse process of the last lumbar vertebra, and from 

 the oblique process below and is inserted for about two inches 

 into the crest of the ileum just above its posterior superior 

 spinous process. It sometimes from being blended with adipose 

 substances presents the appearance of two distinct ligaments. 



The sacro-vertebral, arises from the under part of the trans- 

 verse process of the last lumbar vertebra, and is inserted into 



