MUSCLES OF THE BACK AND NECK. 



355 



the back above the eighth, and into the two lowermost of the 

 neck, by as many tendons. 



Use. To extend the spine obliquely backwards. 



2. Multifidus Spina, 

 Arises from the side and spinous processes of the os sacrum, 



Fig. 91* 



and from the posterior part of the os 

 ilium, where it joins with the sacrum ; 

 from all the oblique and transverse 

 processes of the vertebra of the loins ; 

 from all the transverse processes of 

 the vertebrae of the back, and from 

 those of the neck, except the three 

 first, by as many distinct tendons, 

 which soon grow fleshy, run in an 

 oblique direction ; and are 



Inserted, by distinct tendons, into all 

 the spinous processes of the vertebras 

 of the loins, of the back, and of the 

 neck, except the first. 



Use. When the different portions 

 of this muscle act on one side, they 

 extend the back obliquely, or move it 

 laterally ; but if they act together on 

 both sides, they extend the vertebrae 

 backwards. 



On the posterior part of the neck 

 are, 



* Deep seated muscles of the back. 1. The common origin of the erector 

 spinae muscle. Under which term is included three muscles, the sacro-lumba- 

 jis, longissimus dorsi, and spinalis dorsi. 2. The sacro-lumbalis. 3. The 

 longissimus dorsi. 4. The spinalis dorsi. 5. The cervicalis ascendens. 6. 

 The transversalis colli. 7. Th.e trachelo-mastoideus. 8. The complexus. 9. 

 The transversalis colli, showing its origin. 10. The semispinalis dorsi. 11. 

 The semispinalis colli. 12. The rectus posticus minor. 13. The rectus posticus 

 major. 14. The obliquus superior. 15. The obliquus inferior. 16. The multi- 

 fidus spinae. 17. The levatores costarum. 18. Intertransversales. 19. The 

 quadratus lumborum. 



