74 GLANDULE SOLITARLE. 



but with those of the different salivary glands. He found them 

 to diminish gradually in number, towards the lower end of the 

 duodenum, so that none could be observed farther down than 

 the commencement of the jejunum. Dr. Boehm has verified 

 these observations of Cruveilhier, and shown that they are little 

 solid glands, formed of several minute lobules, each of which is 

 found -to be cellular ; and that all the cells of each gland open 

 by a common orifice. 



The third and fourth order of glands, the glandules solitaricc 

 and the glandule agminatcz, (constituting the second class see p. 

 71,) are met with only in the alimentary canal. The latter are 

 almost entirely in the lower half of the small intestines : and it 

 has been rendered questionable by the researches of Boehm and 

 Miiller, whether the solitary glands of the small intestines do 

 not differ materially from those met with in the stomach and 

 large intestines. 



The solitary glands are found at the end of the small intes- 

 tine, in the large intestine, and a few along the lesser curvature 

 of the stomach. They present the appearance of small gran- 

 Fig. 141. ulations of the size of millet seed, which 

 projects slightly on the internal surface of the 

 mucous membrane. Neither Boehm, nor 

 Miiller, who has verified all Boehm's re- 

 searches by his own use of the microscope, 

 have been able to discover in the undiseased 

 state, any opening to the solitary glands of 

 the small intestine. But when ulcerated in tubercular affections, 

 or in dothinenteritis, the cavity is exposed. Fig. 141, is a mag- 

 nified representation of one of the solitary follicles or saccuh of 

 Fig. 142. the small intestines after 



Boehm. It has noapparent 

 orifice; it is studded with 

 villi, and round it are seen 

 the orifices of Lieberkuhn's 

 follicles. 



In the large intestines, the orifices of these follicles are readily 

 discovered. B, is a representation of one of the solitary follicles 



