PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF RED GROUSE 123 



involved in the attached portion of the caecum until only a portion of the blind 

 end remained visible, and this was black and gangrenous, or nearly so. 

 There was very little sign of Strougylosis. The bird was shot, and was in 

 good condition. 



With regard to other organs of the body of the Grouse there is more to be 

 said of the lungs than of any other. On this subject the reader 



* Pathology 



may be referred to chapter xii.. where Dr Cobbett and Dr Graham of the 



r Lungs. 



Smith have described in detail the appearance of really fresh lungs, 

 exposed in birds just dead, and their appearance after being more or less 

 stained by post-mortem fluids and decomposing blood. 



The figures which were prepared with the view of illustrating this difference 

 could not be reproduced in the Report owing to lack of funds. 



The first series of figures represented the lungs of fourteen Grouse removed 

 at various periods of time after death, and showing marked staining of the tissues. 

 The second series represented the lungs of eight pigeons removed also 

 at various periods after death, and showed the same or very similar ances in 



lung due to 



staining in all cases where the lungs were allowed to soak in blood- post-mortem 

 stained, 'post-mortem fluids, as is the case in the majority of Grouse 

 which have been shot or bruised, or even carried for many hours over a rough 

 moor in a keeper's pocket or net bag. Even without preliminary bruising or 

 damage there will be found a certain amount of soaking and discoloration of 

 the lung tissues after death. 



In very bad cases of Strongylosis, such, for example, as No. 1228, the lungs 

 even on the third day after death may be perfectly normal in appearance, and with- 

 out any marked post-mortem staining. The lungs of birds may, of course, have 

 received some damage, either by shot pellets or by broken bone splinters, and may 

 have recovered with cicatrices, or with part of the lung solidified by organisation 

 of the blood clot into fibrous tissue. Or blood may have been inhaled by the 

 trachea, and so have blocked part of the lung, producing collapse and solidification. 



It is wise, in every case when a bird is found dead, to examine the mouth and 

 see whether there has been any bleeding from the lungs. 



It is unnecessary here to repeat the discussion upon the question of " Grouse 

 Disease" and pneumonia. For this reference must be made to chapter ix., 

 where reasons are given in full for the belief that Klein's explanation Grouse 

 .of "Grouse Disease" as an acute infectious pneumonia is not the 

 correct one. 



