162 



THE GROUSE IN HEALTH AND IN DISEASE 



the diffuse inflammation. It is extraordinary that the bird should so well have 

 maintained its weight 21 ounces; Davainea was absent, Hymenolepis and 

 Trichostrongylus were both present, but with no redness in any part of the gut. 

 No. 684 is an example of recovery from a fracture of one of the wing-bones 

 in a cock Grouse. The radius in this case had been broken in two at the junction 

 tne m iddle and lower thirds, probably from a shot wound. The 

 mus t have lived for at least a month or six weeks during the 

 wound. winter without flying, but made a perfectly sound union notwith- 

 standing, and survived to be shot dead on the wing in April as a healthy bird 

 killed for purposes of crop analysis (see Fig. 7). 



Fracture of 



r < 



FIG. 7, No. 684. FIG. 8, No. 287. 



Broken and re-united wing-bones. 



No. 539 is again an instance of the radius being broken in two pieces 

 at about its centre, probably by shot. In this case there was also some 

 evidence of periostitis in the ulna at the same level. The union was in- 

 complete when the bird was killed ; but, though some movement was possible 

 between the broken ends, the formation of callus and new bone had made a 

 considerable advance towards effecting a firm union. 



No. 287 presented a firmly united fracture of the radius which had been 

 broken in two about the centre. There was no evidence of damage to the ulna. 

 A shortening of 2 mm. (from 50 mm. in the sound bone to 48 mm. in the 



