214 THE GROUSE IN HEALTH AND IN DISEASE 



acid are most abundant. Some moors, however, such as those on the Pentlands, 

 include patches of land in which worms flourish. Still there seems no reason at 

 present to incriminate the forked worm of causing any trouble to Grouse. One 

 of our cases was a young bird from Argyllshire. 



(II.) Family Trichotrachelidse. 

 (iii.) TRICHOSOMA LONGICOLLE (Rud.). 



Synonyms : Calodium caudinflatum Molin. 

 Trichosoma gallinum Kow. 

 Trichosoma caudinflatum Kow. 



HISTORY. 



This genus, first named and described by Rudolphi, 1 is also described by 

 Dujardin 2 from various species of gallinaceous birds. He gives a list of the 

 earlier and ill-defined synonyms. The species is also mentioned by Diesing 3 under 

 the same name. It is recorded by Molin 4 under the name Calodium caudinflatum, 

 the name referring to the swollen tail of the female, from the small intestine of the 

 partridge and the quail. Eberth, 5 who gives the best account of the anatomy of 

 the genus Trichosoma, gives a short description and a figure of a nematode under 

 the same name, Trichosoma longicolle ; be draws attention to Dujardin's description 

 of a funnel-like appendix to the vagina, and surmises that this is a prolapsed 

 piece of the vagina ; this is undoubtedly the case in some of our specimens. 

 Kowalevsky 6 mentions under the name Trichosoma gallinum what Dr von Liustow 

 tells me is this species, and in a later paper 7 apparently describes and figures 

 this under the name Trichosoma caudinjlatum. Unfortunately I have been 

 unable to read this, as the paper is written in Polish. Railliet 8 considers that 

 the Trichosoma longicolle described by Dujardin and Eberth does not agree with 

 Rudolphi's description of his Trichosoma longicolle. He points out that Dujardin 

 and Eberth's species occurs in the caecum of the fowl and of the guinea-fowl, and 

 he renames this species Trichosoma retusum Raill., 1893. The length of this worm 



1 C. A. Rudolphi, "Ento/oorum Synopsis." Berlin, 1819. 



2 M. F. Dujardin, " Histoire Naturelle des Helminthes," p. 19. 



3 C. M. Diesing, " Systema Helminthum," ii. p. 260, 1850-51. 



4 R. Molin, " Sitzungsberichte derkaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenscliaften," xxxiii. p. 302. Wien, 1859 ; 

 and " Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften," xix. p. 330. Wien, 1861 ; also Mem. 

 1st Veneto, ix. p. 617, 1860. 



6 0. J. Eberth, " Untersuchungen iiber Nematoden." Leipzig, 1863. 

 M. Kowalevsky, "Bulletin international de TAcademie des Sciences de Cracovie," p. 280, 1894. 

 " M. Kowalevsky, " Ro/prawy i Sprawozdania y. posiedzeii wyd/i 

 lemii Umiejetnosci," xxxviii. p. 274. Krakow, 1901. 

 A. Railliet, "Traitt de Zoologie Medicale et Agricole." Paris, 1895. 



