THE TAPEWORMS (CESTODA) OF THE RED GROUSE 335 



1 am greatly indebted to Dr 0. Fuhrmann, of Neuchatel, for pointing out that 

 this tapeworm is identical with that described in 1853 by Baird, and called by him 

 Tcenia calva. 



The following is Baird's * description : 



" Tcenia calva Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 83. 



" Head small, rounded and smooth, white and shining. Mouth unarmed. 

 Neck constricted. Articulations of body at first very small, gradually enlarging in 

 breadth as they descend till they reach about the middle of the body, where they 

 are still narrow, linear-shaped, and about seven times broader than long. After 

 this they begin to increase in length and diminish in breadth, becoming at first 

 nearly square, and at last, near the extremity, nearly twice as long as broad. All 

 the articulations are strongly striated across, and the upper and lower margins, 

 where they join with each other, are considerably thickened. Length 5^ inches, 

 greatest breadth 3^ lines, breadth of lower extremity 1 millimetre, of head mm. 



" Hab. Intestines of the common Grouse Lagopus scoticus, Brit. Mus." 



The same worm has been more fully described, also under the name T. calva, 

 by F. S. Monticelli.* 



The genus Tcenia has been comparatively lately broken up into a number of 

 other genera, and one genus, Davainea, named after the celebrated French 

 helminthologist Davaine, has been established for those worms which have the 

 rostellum and suckers armed with a multitude of characteristically shaped hooks 

 or thorns. The genus was made in 1891 by R. Blan chard and A. Railliet, and it 

 comprises a number of species which, as a rule, live in the small intestine of birds. 



Specimens of Davainea urogalli vary greatly in appearance and in size. On 

 the whole, they have in life rather an untidy, dishevelled appearance, without 

 clear-cut features ; some preserved specimens, however, had very definite outlines. 

 Doubtless much depended on the preservative (PI. XLIX.). 



Our longest specimens measured 35 cm. in length ; the greatest breadth was 

 4 mm. The preserved material evidently died in very varying states of contraction, 

 and it is difficult to make general statements as to the relative proportions of 

 different parts of the body. One specimen 35 cm. in length we found in a bird of 

 not more than three weeks old. It was shedding ripe proglottides. This worm had 

 split and presented a forked tail, one limb of which, however, seemed to have 

 dwindled and come to nothing. 



The head is very small. Baird gives its breadth as " ^ mm." I should put it 



1 Proc. Zool. Soc. Land., xxi. p. 24, 1853. 2 " Boll Soc. Napoli," Ser. I. v. p. 155, 1891. 



