VESPARI^E. 155 



only. Plate 5, Fig. 7, represents the nest of I. guttatfpennis 

 Saussure, from Senegal ; 8, ground plan of a similar nest. These 

 wasps are mostly distinguished from Polybia by the petiole 

 ending in a globular mass. Plate 5, Fig. 10, represents 

 the elegant nest of Miscliocyttarus labiatus Fabr., from Cay- 

 enne and Brazil, which consists of a few cells supported by a 

 long pedicel. The wasp itself much resembles Polistes, but 

 the petiole is very much longer. 



The remaining genera noticed here are solitary, building 

 separate cells, and with only males and females. There are 

 three subcostal cells in the fore wings, and the maxillae and 

 labium are much elongated. 



In Eumenes the abdomen has a long pedicel, being sessile in 

 Odynerus. While authors place Eumenes higher than Ody- 

 nerus, we would consider the latter as a higher, more cepha- 

 lized form, since the abdomen is less elongated, and the head 

 is larger. 



In Odynerus the ligula is long, deeply forked at the 

 slender extremity, while the slender paraglossa* are shorter, 

 ending in a two-toothed claw-like tip ; the maxillae are slender, 

 and the palpi have an elongated basal joint ; the clypeus is 

 nearly circular, toothed on the front edge. The larva differs 

 from those of the higher Ve spar ice , in its more elongated head, 

 the square clypeus, the unusually deep fissure of the bilobate la- 

 brum, and in the larger tubercles of the body, as the larva is 

 more active, turning and twisting in its cell, while feeding on 

 its living food ; and in this respect it is more closely allied to 

 the young Crabronidce. In the pupa of 0. cdbophaleratus, 

 the tip is more incurved than in the pupa of Vespa, so that the 

 hind legs (tarsi) reach to the tip, and the abdomen is rounded 

 ovate, while in Vespa it is oblong. 



The cells (Plate 4, Figs. 13, 14) of Odynerus albophcderatus 

 Sauss. have been detected like those of Osmia in a deserted gall 

 of Diplolepis confluens, where several were found in a row, 

 arranged around one side of the gall, side by side, with the holes 

 pointing towards the centre of the gall. The cells are half an 

 inch long, and one-half as wide, being formed of small pellets 

 of mud, giving a corrugated, granulated appearance to the 

 outside, while the inside is lined with silk. 



