52 IMMUNE SERA 



It is important in the haemolytic tests that all 

 the glassware be absolutely clean and dry, though 

 it need not be sterile. 



In testing for the presence of isoprecipitins, equal 

 parts of the two sera are mixed in a small test-tube, 

 the mixtures kept in the incubator for two hours 

 and then examined. 



Purpose of Agglutination. It is not yet clear 

 what the purpose, if any, of the agglutinating 

 function is. Gruber, the first to thoroughly study 

 and appreciate the bacterial agglutinins, assumes 

 that the process injures the affected cell, preparing 

 it for solution and destruction. After numerous 

 experiments I have not been able to convince 

 myself of any damaging influence of the agglutinins 

 on the affected cell, be this blood cell or bacterium, 

 and the observations of other authors confirm this 

 opinion. Agglutinated bacteria are capable of 

 living and of reproduction, and agglutinated red 

 blood cells are no more fragile or easier to destroy 

 than normal, non-agglutinated cells. Neither can 

 anything be discovered microscopically which would 

 indicate any injury to their structure. 



One thing is certain: that the agglutinins are in 

 no way related to the lysins found in serum, and 

 so of course are not identical with these. The 

 simultaneous occurrence in a serum of immune 

 bodies, interbodies, complements, and agglutinins 

 is an entirely independent phenomenon which is 



