40 SOME MINUTE ANIMAL PARASITES 



quarters should be as far away as possible from 

 those of the natives, nor should the native water- 

 carriers be allowed entrance into the European 

 houses, nor, if possible, into their compounds. 

 White clothing preferably should be used, as it is 

 the colour most disliked by tsetses. 



Clearing of the bush along the water's edge for at 

 least 30 yards, and around the villages for at least 

 100 yards, should be compulsory, and the clearings 

 should be maintained. 



A remarkable new trypanosome, called Trypano- 

 soma or Schizotrypanum cruzi, has recently been 

 described by Chagas from South America, in cases 

 where children have died in large numbers. The 

 infection caused by T. cruzi attacks the whole popula- 

 tion, so that children born in the place sicken in 

 their first year of life, and either die or become 

 chronic victims, and a continuous source of spread 

 of the disease. Acute disease seems to be almost 

 exclusively among young children, except in the case 

 of new-comers to the infected districts. In the acute 

 form there is continual fever, swelling of the glands 

 generally, wit'h enlargement of the thyroid gland 

 (near the " Adam's apple") in the throat, and fre- 

 quently symptoms of meningitis. Loss of hair 

 occurs in older children up to the age of fifteen 

 years, and a peculiar bluish -bronze pallor appears. 

 The expression of the victim is markedly dull and 

 heavy. In native adults the disease usually runs a 

 chronic course. 



T. cruzi (Fig. 8, A, B) is distinguished from 

 other human trypanosomes by the fact that the 



