no SOME MINUTE ANIMAL PARASITES 



river-beds during the hot season. These include 

 Nyssorhynchus fuliginosus, N. theobaldi, and Anopheles 

 lindesayi, the first two of which have been proved 

 to be carriers of malignant tertian malaria. Lastly, 

 the commonest mosquito of Africa, and almost the 

 commonest of India, Myzomyia rossii, together with 

 Neocellia stephensi, breed in small muddy pools. The 

 former, which is not infective, is said to be easy 

 to rear in captivity, and a gravid female will very 

 readily deposit her eggs on some damp mud. 

 The latter prefers small quantities of water, and 

 breeds for choice in old tins and pots. The above 

 mosquitoes are among the more widely distributed 

 ones, but there are many other species in India and 

 Africa, some convicted (e.g., Pyretophoms costalis) and 

 others under grave suspicion of carrying malaria. To 

 sum up, the wisest plan is to regard all mosquitoes 

 as possible carriers of malaria, and to adopt anti- 

 mosquito operations against them. 



Human beings are not the sole sufferers from in- 

 fection with Plasmodia of various species, for birds are 

 attacked by" bird malaria " due to the operations of 

 Plasmodium relictum or P. prtzcox, both names being 

 in use. Very frequently Labbe's name of Proteosoma 

 is used for these organisms, but this name, un- 

 fortunately, has not official sanction. The life- 

 history of the bird malarial parasites follows on the 

 same lines as that of human malaria, if the gnats 

 (species of Culex) are substituted for mosquitoes as 

 the carriers. The parasites living in the blood of the 

 birds are rather compact, and displace the nuclei of 

 the avian red blood-corpuscles harbouring them. 



