LOSSES IN DRAUGHT ANIMALS 175 



food bill for imported bvtter is 24,000,000, while 

 cheese accounts for 7,250,000. When, then, 

 epidemics exterminate a quarter of the cattle in an 

 exporting country, the monetary loss to that country 

 is serious, and the importing country likewise suffers, 

 owing to the rise in cost of living. Again, the home 

 supply is in some slight danger from " redwater," and 

 the writers have personal knowledge of losses of 

 milch cows and calves from attacks of piroplasmosis 

 both in the West of England and in Ireland. We 

 have also experience of " redwater " in French cattle, 

 though this is of a somewhat mild type. 



It should here be mentioned that the names Piro- 

 plasma for the organism and piroplasmosis for the 

 malady are very commonly used, but that, strictly, 

 Babesia is the name of the Protozoon, and babesiasis 

 that of the complaint. Any reference to recent 

 literature involves knowledge of both sets of names. 

 Babesia bovis is the name of the cattle parasite. 



Draught animals such as horses, mules, and don- 

 keys are considerably affected in some countries, 

 especially in South Africa, and the disease there is 

 known as biliary fever. Two different parasites 

 occur in two separate, but often confused, maladies 

 of horses, and this also happens in certain cattle 

 diseases. 



The organism causing the death of horses in 

 Russia and Caucasia is different from the one whose 

 fatal effects prevent horse traffic in various districts 

 in South Africa. 



India suffers, too, from piroplasmosis of cattle, and 

 the Babesia, which, perhaps has been the most 



