408 SOUTHERN FIELD CROPS 



advisable on cotton farms, so as to grow no cowpeas just 

 before cotton, substituting some other legume, as velvet 

 beans, or soybeans, or crimson clover. 



Liberal fertilization and the use of a little nitrate of 

 soda in the drill at the time of planting hasten the growth 

 of the young plant and thus shorten the time during which 

 it is subject to the attacks of the cowpea-pod weevil and 

 of cutworms. When this insect is present before cotton is 

 chopped, a thick stand should be left, to be thinned to a 

 final stand after the attacks of this insect have ceased. 



376. The cotton caterpillar (Alabama argillaced) . For- 

 merly this was the most destructive enemy of the cotton 

 plant. In recent decades the injury has been infrequent 

 and never widespread. The damage is done by the larval 

 or caterpillar stage of a grayish moth. Eggs are laid on 

 the underside of the leaves, where the Iarva3 hatch and 

 devour the foliage. On reaching the proper degree of 

 maturity the Iarva3 fold the leaf together and surround 

 themselves with a web in which the pupa or chrysalis 

 form of the insect is passed. From the pupa emerges soon 

 the adult moth prepared to lay eggs for a new generation 

 of larvae. The insect passes the winter as a moth. 



Complete protection is afforded by dusting or spraying 

 the plants with Paris green or other preparation of arsenic. 

 The most usual method of applying the poison consists 

 in tying a small sack of Paris green alone or mixed with 

 flour, on each end of a stout stick as long as the rows are 

 wide. A man on horseback riding between the rows 

 shakes out a cloud of dust above the row on either side, 

 thus poisoning about 20 acres in a day. 



Where the cotton caterpillar and the cotton boll-weevil 



