146 Studies in Forestry [CHAP. vn. 



() When a light-demanding species is to be grown along 

 with a shade-bearing species of quicker growth (e. g. Oaks grown 

 in admixture with Beech on soils specially favourable to the 

 latter). 



(c] When standards (e. g. of Oak) are retained for a second 

 period of rotation. Here some protection is afforded to the 

 soil until the young seedling crop forms canopy, and at the 

 same time the formation of shoots from dormant buds along 

 the stem, leading too often to ' stag-headednessj is prevented. 



A. Concerning Mixed Crops of Shade-bearing 

 Species. 



Spruce and Silver Fir. Where Spruce forms the ruling 

 species, the introduction of Silver Fir as part of the crop is of 

 great advantage in diminishing the danger of windfall and of 

 destructive attacks from injurious insects ; but where the soil is 

 good enough for the Silver Fir to form the bulk of the mature 

 crop, any admixture of Spruce has just the opposite effects. As 

 in early youth Spruce is the more rapid in growth, the Silver 

 Fir should be introduced in considerably larger numbers than is 

 ultimately desired. Thus, if originally planted in the proportion 

 of two of Silver Fir to one of Spruce, the mature crop would 

 ultimately consist of about equal numbers of each kind of tree. 



Beech and Spruce. Although Beech is of somewhat quicker 

 growth at first, it soon gets caught up by the Spruce, which 

 then usually remains predominant. Unless the Beech is to 

 be ultimately suppressed, the Spruce must only be scattered 

 singly throughout the crop ; and even then some lopping of the 

 branches will have to take place. Where stony outcrops occur 

 in Beech woods, it is best to form pure clumps of Spruce. 



Beech and Silver Fir. At first the Beech develops more 

 rapidly, and interferes with the growth of the Silver Fir ; but 

 later on this overtakes and threatens to suppress the former. 



