72 Photography for the Sportsman Naturalist 



ing, under ordinary conditions, at from one second 

 to ^Q- of a second at full opening, according to 

 the length of the bellows' extension ; and, under 

 very favorable conditions, where the light is 

 very strong, exposures can be made in from 

 2T t yd" f a secon d. When such rapid 

 exposures are made, however, the negative is 

 liable to be underexposed and must be devel- 

 oped, accordingly, with the greatest care, in 

 order to bring out a satisfactory image. In 

 fact it is always well, in work with the telephoto, 

 to presuppose that your negative is underexposed. 

 If it is not, no damage is done ; but if it is, as is 

 most apt to be the case, and the ordinary strength 

 developer is used upon it, then a chemical fog will 

 result, and it will be impossible for you to bring 

 out all the detail there is in the negative, or to 

 carry it to anywhere near the desired density. 



Absolute rigidity of the camera and stand is 

 necessary, for, on account of the enlargement of 

 the image, the least vibration will cause blurring 

 and an unsatisfactory result. The telephoto lens 

 is, naturally, much heavier than the ordinary lens, 

 and, therefore, where long extension of the bellows 

 is desired, it is well to use braces to hold the front 

 board perfectly rigid; for often the mere releasing 

 of the shutter will jar it sufficiently to cause a 

 blurred image. For this reason it is difficult to 

 use this lens in any kind of a hand camera, but, 



