loo PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IN MEDICINE. 



heart muscle or its stimulating effects upon the excised 

 gastrocnemius of the frog are also done away with through 

 the addition of calcium or strontium. 



RALPH S. LILLIE demonstrated an analogous antag- 

 onism between the effects of cations on ciliary movement. 

 MACCALLUM showed in animal experiments that the 

 effect of cathartic sodium salts, which is to be looked 

 upon as an expression of the activity of the metallic 

 ions, can be inhibited through administration of calcium. 

 MARTIN H, FISCHER was able to demonstrate that a 

 glycosuria, brought about through the injection of sodium 

 salts into rabbits, can be suppressed through calcium, 

 and, according to BROWN who discovered the same fact 

 independently, also through strontium. 



That the relations between anions are governed by 

 similar laws within and without the organism is apparent 

 from the investigations of TORALD SOLLMANN. As this 

 author was able to show in his studies on diuresis, the 

 urinary excretion of chlorine ions from the body under 

 the influence of other ions is to a large extent independent 

 of the amount of water secreted along with them. The 

 per cent, of chlorides in the urine is increased through 

 administration of nitrates, iodides, and sulphocyanates, 

 decreased through acetates, phosphates, and sulphates. 

 It is not difficult to recognize in this grouping the order 

 in which the anions act upon the proteins. The second 

 group acts less powerfully, the former more powerfully 

 than the chlorine ions in the effect of the ions of the 

 alkali metals upon proteins. 



After what has been said it will no doubt be admitted 

 that a considerable material is already at hand which lends 

 further support to the principle bj the many analogies 



