CHEMISTRY IN MEDICINE. 



^mental de^.rmiixatibn of the degree and the direction of 

 changes in^fiinCtibhV through a study of the morphological 

 and through a study of the chemical deviations from the 

 normal lying at the basis of these changes in function. 

 When one studies the development and the present 

 status of pathology one soon sees that this science has 

 not grown with the same rapidity, nor equally well in 

 all three directions. It has developed most markedly 

 toward the morphological side, least of all toward the 

 chemical side. This difference is still more apparent 

 when we study more particularly the part that the Vienna 

 School has played during the past century in the develop- 

 ment of pathology. Chemical methods have scarcely 

 at all been employed, except in the last ten years, while 

 the morphological .investigations carried on in Vienna 

 during this same century have been truly brilliant. 



It may not be without interest to touch upon some 

 of the reasons that have brought about such a noticeable 

 difference in the pursuit of these two branches in our 

 school. It was, of course, but natural that the con- 

 ceptions of the famous men of the second great period 

 of the Vienna School should have determined for a 

 long time to come the course which further development 

 in the past century took. If this development was chiefly 

 morphological in character, then this depended in large 

 measure upon the state of chemistry in Austria at that 

 time. For the education and the first efforts of those 

 pioneers occurred during an epoch when chemistry was 

 most deplorably represented in Austria, followed and 

 taught as it was, not experimentally, but speculatively. 

 A classical document describes conditions as they were 

 in those days. In one of his memorable addresses LIEBIG, 



