622 HENEY A. ROWLAND 



aspirations. What truth is, is the goal of intellectual mankind in all 

 ages, and its pursuit leads not only to intellectual but also to physical 

 satisfaction. 



The pursuit of the one leads to the other., and we shall see as we pro- 

 ceed that the only way for the world to progress in practical science is 

 by the cultivation of the theoretical science. 



Pure science must exist before its applications, and the truths of pure 

 science are far more reaching in their effects than any of its applica- 

 tions; and yet the applications of science often have a much more im- 

 mediate interest for the world at large than many discoveries in pure 

 science, which will finally revolutionize it, both physically and mentally. 

 They both have their importance and both are at work in causing that 

 intellectual and material progress in which the world is now pushing 

 forward with giant steps. But there is this difference the names of the 

 great inventors are seen in every paper and their deeds are recounted 

 to the rising youth of the country as examples to be followed. And 

 yet the discoveries of the principles on which their inventions are based 

 may have died in comparative obscurity, with poverty knocking at the 

 door. We are in no danger of forgetting those who have been success- 

 ful in those applications of science which are in daily use, and it is use- 

 less to repeat the story of the telegraph or telephone, but it will be of 

 more interest for me to recall to your minds a few of the landmarks in 

 our science and then to consider the present state of our science, with 

 a possible glance into the future. 



Thus we shall obtain a clearer view of how our science has been built 

 up and of the means which are necessary for its further progress. We 

 shall also see the relations between pure and applied science, and the 

 relative importance of the two in the progress of the world. 



It is impossible for one here to discuss the reasons why the ancients 

 followed their science to so short a distance and the world had to wait 

 more than two thousand years before the light of modern science com- 

 menced to shine. It must be left to the psychologists and historians. 

 But this I may say, modern progress is cumulative. By the study of 

 the science of the past, the minds of men are trained for its further ad- 

 vance in the future, and so when there was no science to study there 

 could be but little training of the mind in the true methods of thought. 



The average intellect of mankind has improved, and what could only 

 have been comprehended in past times by a few is to-day understood 

 by the majority of educated persons. And this increase has been most 

 apparent in the reason and moral sense of mankind, the two qualities of 



