102 ESSENTIALS OF BACTERIOLOGY 



Bacillus Violaceus (Schrater). Origin. Water. 



Synonym. B. ianthinum (Zopf). 



Form. A slender rod with rounded ends, three times as 

 long as it is broad, often in threads. 



Spores. 



Motile, flagella. 



Stain. With Gram and ordinary dyes. 



Cultures. A gar stroke, moist, glistening, raised, at first 

 yellow, then violet, inky colored. 



On Potato. Violet black, moist, abundant growth. 



Gelatin Stab. Rapidly liquefying funnel-shaped masses of 

 pigment along the stab. 



Colonies. Hairy outer zone with liquid center, and small 

 masses of opaque blue pigment floating about. 



Biology. Acid formed in sugar bouillon. No gas. A 

 moderate amount of H 2 S and indol. Pigment formed is in- 

 soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol. 



Facultative anaerobe. 



Temperature. 22-25 C. 



Microorganisms Found in Urine. When freshly passed, 

 urine of a normal state contains no bacteria. By contact 

 with the air and the urinary passages exposed to air, a great 

 number of yeasts, molds and bacteria soon accumulate in the 

 fluid. Bacteria also enter urine through the blood and dur- 

 ing its secretion. 



A number of bacteria have the property of converting urea 

 into carbonate of ammonia. 



The urine should be centrifuged and the deposit then exam- 

 ined. The drying and fixing must proceed very slowly, since 

 otherwise crystals of salts will be precipitated and mar the 

 specimen. 



B. coli are frequently present, especially in acid urine. 



Typhoid bacilli in 25 per cent, of patients affected with ty- 

 phoid fever. 



Micrococcus Urese (Pasteur and Van Tiegham). 

 Origin. Decomposed urine and in the air. 



Form. Cocci, diplococci, and streptococci. 



