SEA-UBCHINS AND SEA-CUCUMBEBS. 303 



grace and with a dignified deliberation ; the crest being 

 always uppermost, and the perpendicular position invari- 

 ably maintained. It does not appear capable of resting, 

 its movements depending on incessantly vibrating cilia. 

 These organs we perceive densely cloth- 

 ing the long ear-pieces, but more especi- 

 ally accumulated and more vigorous in a 

 thickened, fleshy band, which passes 

 partly round the whole helmet, at the 

 origin of these pieces. 



You do not discern the slightest re- 

 semblance of form between this little 

 slowly- swimming dome and the spined 

 and boxed Urchin which crawls over 

 the rocks ; and you wonder by what 

 steps the tiny atom of one-fortieth of an 

 inch in length is led to its adult stage. 

 Fortunately I can satisfy your curiosity 

 on this point, not indeed from my own 

 observation, but from those of Professor 

 Johann Miiller, whose discoveries of the 



j -I f ,-, J l_i J J LARVA OP SEA-URCHIN*. 



developments ot these and kindred ani- 

 mals are among the most interesting, because the most 

 startling, of the marvels which modern zoology has revealed 

 to us. The whole process is full of surprising details, to 

 which the change of the caterpillar to a chrysalis, and the 

 chrysalis to a butterfly, presents no parallel, wonderful as 

 those changes of form appear and are. There we have 

 but modifications of outward form, produced by the succes- 

 sive moults or castings of the external skin, and the 

 gradual growth of the animal, which has from the first 

 been present, though veiled. But the construction of the 

 Sea-Urchin is by no means a process of skin-casting, nor 

 has it any recognised parallel in the whole economy of 

 natural history. It is a development perfectly unique. I 

 will endeavour to make you acquainted with the results 



