PLANTING. 123 



which, they send out fibres which in the course of 

 the summer become small roots, so that when trans- 

 planted, the tree, instead of drawing its principal 

 nourishment from spongioles at the distance of 

 twenty feet or perhaps thirty feet from the stem, is 

 enabled to draw it from the distance of six or eight 

 feet, and thus to continue growing, though not with 

 the same degree of vigor as if it had not been trans- 

 planted. Some kinds of trees, when of a large 

 size, such as the Sycamore, the Lime, the Horse- 

 chesnut, and a few others, may be transplanted 

 without this precaution ; but in this case, the ope- 

 ration must be performed in autumn, as soon as the 

 leaves have dropped, in order to give the roots 

 time to form some fibres during the winter ; and 

 the greater the distance from the stem at which 

 the roots are cut, the greater will be the success. 

 Large trees with wide-spreading roots when trans- 

 planted, seldom require to be staked, because the 

 roots form a broad base, which prevents the stem 

 from being blown to one side, Where there is 

 danger anticipated from high winds, the tree may 

 be secured by three guy-ropes tied to the upper 

 part of the stem, and made fast to sakes driven 

 into the ground at such a distance from the tree as 

 that the ropes may form an angle with the ground 

 of 45 ; or the stronger roots may be kept in their 

 position by stakes driven into the ground with 

 their heads beneath the surface of the soil, the 

 main roots being made fast to them by cords. 



In all cases of transplanting deciduous trees, 

 with the exception of the Beech and the Hornbeam, 

 some pruning should be given to the top, so as to 

 lessen the number of branches and leaves which 

 .are to be supplied by the root. The quantity of 



