Zoology as Related to Evolution. 213 



win's discovery, with all it did for it, was but a stage along 

 its way, not by any means its goal. It gives us the doctrine of 

 animal descent, starts the student on the right track for all 

 coming investigation ; but the actual lines of their descent, 

 the ages and order in which their different classes, families, 

 genera, and species have branched off from the common 

 stock and from each other ; in short, the construction of that 

 vast genealogical tree, world-wide and ages high, on which 

 each member of the animal family shall have its place 

 marked that, except it be in Haeckel's imperfect outlines 

 and with a few ancestors of the horse, is as yet hardly 

 touched. Departments for its study that were thought of 

 old to be outside of zoology are brought by The Origin of 

 Species directly within its sphere. Ontogeny, the science 

 of the individual, is made by its principles as much a part 

 of it as is phylogeny, the science of the race. Embryology, 

 once regarded as hardly a fly-leaf in its mighty volume, is 

 found under it to be a most precious table of contents, re- 

 peating with the child in a few months what it took ages to ac- 

 complish with its parents, and giving in its summary whole 

 chapters again, ages long, which in the book itself earthquakes 

 have blotted out and oceans covered up, opening, therefore, 

 what a new world for evolutionary eyes ! Morphology, the 

 science of structure, the study of the origin of the organs in- 

 side of the body as much species as the animals which are 

 outside of it what made them vary from their original homo- 

 geneous protoplasm into all the complexities of their present 

 condition, three hundred thousand fibers, for instance, in a 

 single optic nerve, and why it is that each animal and each 

 species has the exact size and shape and number of limbs 

 and of senses that it does all as much a matter of law as 

 the shape of crystals or the orbit of planets all this is 

 legitimately within its zoological sphere. Then, with man as 

 an animal, sociology, the study of the laws and forces which 

 evolve society, is surely as much a part of it as is the study 

 of those which gather the bee in hives and the ant in hills ; 

 and especially comparative sociology, an investigation of the 

 common elements which run through all collections of ani- 

 mals from those of the insect up, how much has it got here 

 to learn what a help, also, find from it in solving some of 

 the social problems that we are vainly now seeking wisdom 

 for among ourselves, giving a new point to old Solomon's 

 words, " Go to the ant, thou sluggard, consider her ways and 

 be wise." And, crowning all, psychology, the marvels of mind 



