INDEX 



147 



Nereis 95; dominance of 61; of a 

 muscle 56 



Heart:, frog 9, 45, 46; grasshopper 

 121, 122; lobster 112, 113 



Heart beat 15 



Hearts, earthworm 98 



Heliozoa 79 



Hepatic: ducts 40; portal system 42; 

 portal vein 42 



Heredity experiment 69-70 



Histology: definition of 24; earth- 

 worm 102-4; frog, organs 33-38; 

 frog tissues 24-33; Hydra 83-85; 

 intestine, frog 33, 34; kidney, frog 

 37, 38; liver 33; Planaria 92; 

 skin, frog 36, 37; spinal cord, 

 frog 38; stomach, frog 35, 36 



Horns of gray matter 38 



Horseshoe crab 125 



Hybrids 69, 70 



Hydra: -behavior 83; cells of 83-85; 

 cross-section 85; general structure 

 82; nematocysts 82, 84; repro- 

 duction 86; reproductive organs 

 86 



Hydranth 87 



Hydroid colony 86-88 



Hydrotheca 87 



Hyoid apparatus 5, 41, 53, 54; mus- 

 cles of 58, 59 



Hypophysis 48 



Hypostome 82 



Ileurn 39 



Inferior lobes 48 



Infundibulum 48 



Insects 125; in key 131, 133 



Insertion of muscle 56 



Intercellular substance: definition of 

 26; in blood 30; in connective 

 tissue 29; in epithelium 27; in 

 muscle 28 



Intestine: earthworm too, 104; 

 frog o, 10, 39, 40; grasshopper 123; 

 histology of, in earthworm 104; 

 histology of in frog 33-35; lobster 

 1*14: Planaria 91 



Investing bone, definition of 51 



Iris 2 



Irritability: definition of 14; experi- 

 ment on 14, 15; of Amoeba 73; 

 of Hydra 83; of nervous system 

 14, 15; of Paramedum 77; of 

 Planaria 90 



Jaws: bones of frog 52. 53; fly larva 

 22; frog 4-5; muscles of frog 

 57-58 



Jellyfish 88 



Karyokinesis 62 



Key: to classes 131-34; to phyla 

 129-31 



Kidney: frog n, 37, 40, 41; func- 

 tions of 19, 23; histology of 37 



King crab 125 



Labrum: grasshopper 117, 118; 

 lobster no 



Lacuna: bone 30; cartilage 29 



Ladder type, nervous system 116 



Large intestine, frog 9, 40 



Larvae, fly 21-22 



Laryngeal chamber 41 



Laryngeal prominence 5 



Larynx 9, 91 



Leeches 105 



Legs, parts of: grasshopper 119; 

 lobster 108, 109 



Leucocytes 30 



Life-cycle fly 2o-;23 



Ligament definition of 7 



Ligaments of frog: coronary 9, 10; 

 falciform of liver 8; hepato-gastro- 

 duodenal 10, 39; lateral of bladder 

 10; median of bladder 8, 10; 

 rectovesical 10; suspensory of 

 liver 8, 10. See also under Mesen- 

 teries 



Limbs of frog: bones of 55; external 

 anatomy of 3; muscles of 59, 60, 61 



Linea alba 6 



Linin network 25 



Linnaeus 127 



Lipase: action of 17; definition of 17; 

 experiment on 17 



Liver: cells 25; frog 8, 39; histology 

 of 33; lobes of 39; lobster 114 



Lobes: of brain 46, 47; of liver 39 



Lobster: abdomen 106, 107. 108; 

 abdominal appendages 107 ; append- 

 ages 107-10; circulatory system 

 112, 113, 115, 116; digestive sys- 

 tem 114; excretory system 115; 

 external anatomy 106-11; head 

 106-7; head appendages 109-10; 

 internal anatomy 111-16; muscles 

 111-12; nervous system 115-16; 

 reproductive system 113-14; res- 

 piratory system no-n; segmen- 

 tation 106-16; sense organs in; 

 thoracic appendages 107-8, 109, 

 no, in; thorax 106, 107, 110, in 



Lungs 9, 41 



Lymphocytes 31 



Lymph 5: sac subvertebral 11; 

 sacs, frog 5, 11, 13; spaces, frog 5, 



Malpighian bodies of kidney 37; 

 tubules 123 



Mandible: frog 53, 57; grasshopper 

 118; lobster 109, no 



Mandibular arch, frog: bones of 53; 

 muscles of 57 



Matrix: of bone 50; of cartilage 29; 

 of connective tissue 29 



Maxilla: grasshopper 118; lobster 

 109. no 



Maxillary: arch, bones of 53; teeth 

 4, 53 



Maxillipeds 108, 109 



Meckel's cartilage 53 



Medulla oblongata 47, 50 



Medullary folds 67; sheath 32 



Medusa buds 87 



Medusae 87, 88 



Membrane bone 51. 52 



Mendel 70 



Mendel's law 69, 70 



Mesenteries, earthworm 97 



Mesenteries, frog 7, 8, 10, 11; dorsal 

 8, 10; dorsal of liver 10; mesentery 

 of intestine 10; meso-esophageum 

 10; mesogaster 10; mesorchium 

 n, 40; mesorectum 11; mesotu- 

 barium 11; mesovarium 11, 41; 

 ventral 8, 10. See also under Lig- 

 aments 



Mesentery, definition of 7 



Mesoderm: embryo 66, 67, 71; 

 fate of, in frog 67; general signifi- 

 cance of 71; Planaria 90, 92 



Mesogloea, 83, 85 



Mesothorax ij8, 119 



Metabolism, definition of 23 



Metagenesis 87, 88 



Metamere, definition of 95 



Metamorphosis, definition of 22 



Metaphase 63 



Metathorax 118, 119 

 1 Millipedes 125 



Mjtes 125 



Mitosis 62-64 



Mitotic figure 63 



Mollusca in key 130, 133 



Molluscoidea in key 130 



Morphology, definition of 14 



Mouth: cavity: earthworm 99, 

 frog 44; earthworm 96, frog 4; 

 grasshopper 1 18; Hydra 8 2; lobster 

 107, no; Nereis 95; Paramedum 

 75; Planaria 91; parts: grass- 

 hopper 117, 118; lobster 107, 109, 

 no 



Mucus (33, 103, 90): cells: earth- 

 worm 103, Planaria 90, 92; glands: 

 earthworm 103, frog 36, Planaria 

 92; thread of snail 136 



Muscle: cells, structure of 28, 29; 

 contractility of 15; function of 

 15, 16; heart 15, 16; involuntary 

 15, 28; kinds of 15, 28, 29; micro- 

 scopic structure of 28, 29; parts of 

 56; smooth 28; striated 28, 29 

 typical 56; voluntary 28, 29 



Muscles of: abdomen, frog 58; body 

 wall earthworm 102, 103; body 

 wall frog 5-6; chela 112; earth- 

 worm 102, 103; frog 5, 6, 15, 56-61; 

 grasshopper 121; Hydra, 85; hyoid 

 apparatus 58; lobster in, 112; 

 lower jaw frog 57, 58; Planaria 92; 

 shank frog 60; thigh frog 59; 

 tongue frog 58, 59; trunk frog 

 57,58 



Muscular: system: earthworm 102, 

 103, frog 5, 6, 15, 56-61, function 

 of 15; grasshopper 121, Hydra 85, 

 lobster 111, 112, Planaria 92; 

 tissue, structure of 28, 29 



Myelin 32 



Naids 80 



Nares: external 2; internal 4; 

 method of closure 58; respiratory 

 movements of 18, 19 



Xemathelminthes 80; in key 130 



Nematocysts 82, 84, 85 



Nematodes 80 



Nemertinea in key 130 



Nephridia: earthworm 98, 100, 102; 

 lobster 115 



Nephridiopore 100 



Nephrostome 100 



Nereis 95, 96 



Nerve: conductivity in 14, 15; 

 definition of 31; irritability of 14, 

 15; roots of 51; sciatic 15; stim- 

 ulation of 15; structure of 32 



Nerve cells: brain 31; earthworm 

 99, 102, 104; frog 31, 32 38; lobster 

 1 1 1 ; motor of cord 3 1 , 3 2 ; Planaria 

 go, 92; spinal cord frog 38; struc- 

 ture of 31, 32 



Nerve cords: earthworm 99, 102, 104; 

 grasshopper 123, 124; lobster 

 115, 116; Planaria 92 



Nerve plexus, frog 48 



Nerves: cranial, frog 12, 47; roots 

 of 51; spinal, frog 12, 48, 49 



Nervous system: central, frog 12, 

 46-50; earthworm 101, 102; frog 

 12, 46-50; function of 14, 4950; 

 grasshopper 123. 124; Hydra 86; 

 lobster 115, 116; origin of, in 

 embryo 67; peripheral, frog 12, 

 47-49; Planaria 91, 92; sympa- 

 thetic, frog 12 



Neural: arches 12, 51; canal 12, 47, 

 51; fold 67; spine 51 



Neurilemma 32 



Neuroglia 38 



Nictitating membrane 4 



Nostrils 2 



Notochord 67 



Notum 117 



Nuclear membrane 25 



Nucleolus 26, 64 



Nucleus: Amoeba 73; definition of 

 24; in mitosis 62-64; Paramedum 

 76; structure of 25, 26 



Nutritive zooids'87 



Obelia 86-88 



Ocelli 117 



Occipital condyles 53 



Olfactory lobes 46, 50; nerve 47; 



sense: frog 50; grasshopper 124; 



lobster in; Planaria 91, 92 

 Ommatidia 111, 117 

 One-celled animals 72-80 

 Ontogeny, definition of 20 

 Optical section, definition of 65 

 Optic chiasma 48; ganglion, lobster 



in; lobes 47, 50; nerves, frog 47 

 Oral groove 74 

 Orbit 2, 52 

 Order in classification 128 



