Plumage above browner ; below wliitish. 



10a. Gyps rueppelli erlangeri, Salvad., Bol. Mus. Abyssinia, 



Torino, xxiii ., No. 576 (1908). Erythrsea, 



Erlanger's Vulture. Somaliland. 



Head bare ; ruff and upper parts dark brown 



with fulvous central streaks ; rump white ; 



below light brown with white streaks ; crop- 



j)atch browr. 

 11. Gyps indicus indicus (Scop.)(*), Del. Faun, et India, Indo- 



rior.Insubr.,ii.,p.85(1786). Chinese 



Indian Long-billed Vulture. countries, 



Malay 

 Peninsula. 



Above pale earthy brown ; below whity brown ; 



crop- patch dark brown ; ruff white (Hume). 

 11a. Gyps indicus pallescens Hume, Stray Feathers, N.W. India. 



i., p. 150(1873). 



Pallid Vulture 



Gen. IX. GYMNOGYPS Less. (1831). 

 Tail of 12 feathers. 



Size large, length 30 in. ; above and crop- 

 patch black ; ruff white, rather scanty ; rump 

 white ; below chocolate brown. 



12. Gymnogyps bengahnsis {Gmel.),8.1ii.,i., ip. 245 India, Indo- 

 (1788). ' Chinese 

 Indian White-backed Vulture. countries, 



Malay 

 Peninsula. 

 Above and crop-patch dark browTi ; below 

 pale brown, with yellowish-white shaft lines. 



13. Gymnogyps africanus africanus (Salvad.), N.E. Africa, 

 Nat. Stor. R. Accad. Torin., 7th May, 1865, Khartoum to 

 p. 133. Abyssinia & 

 African White-backed Vulture. Upper White 



Nile. 

 Plumage more greyish. 

 13a. Gymnogyps africanus schillingsi Erlanger, Orn. German 

 Mb., xi., p. 22 (1903). , E. Africa. 



Paler. 

 13b, Gymnogyps africanus fuelleborni Erlanger (t.c.) Nyasaland 



to Angola. 



* Reichenow's Oyps cinnamomeous from Alatau (Orn. Mb., 1907, 

 pp. 30-31) appears to be arother subspecies [doubtful] of G. fulvtis. 



