64 



ISO. 



Length c? 32, wing 23-24.5 in. ; $ average 

 length 35.5, wing 26-27.50 in. ; general 

 plumage above blackish- brown, with paler 

 margins : crown brown ; nape and hind neck 

 tawny rufous (W. Europe ; much paler in E. 

 European birds.) ; tail blackish at apical 

 fourth, browner towards base, middle ir- 

 regularly banded with grey ; below blackish 

 with brown bases to the feathers ; in younger 

 birds basal half of tail white, centre mottled 

 brown, apical third black. 

 Aquila chrysaetos chrysaUos (Linn.), S.N.i., 

 p. 88 (1758). [Europe.] 

 Golden Eagle. 



Averaging smaller ; plumage darker and 



duller. 



Aquila chrysaetos occidentalis, Olphe-Galliard 



Faune. Orn. Eur. Occ, ii, fasc. xviii. p. 23. 



(Mar. 1889.) [Spain.] 



Spanish Golden Eagle. 



Larger : length $ 40, wing 27.9 in. ; colour 

 generally brighter. 

 180b. Aquila chrysaetos daphanea, Hodgs. in Gray's 

 Zool. Misc'. p. 81 (1844). [Nom nud.-Nepal.] 

 Menz. Orn. Turkest, 1, p. 75 (1888). [Haute 

 Asie.] 

 Himalayan Golden Eagle. 



Large and more rufous ; max. length $ 40 in.; 

 wing 27 in. [Doubtfully distinct.] 

 180c. Aquila chrysaetos canadensis (Linn.) S.N.i, 

 p. 88 (1758) [Canada.'] 

 American Golden Eagle. 



180a. 



Smaller ; wing ^J 23. 5 in.; head and neckabove 

 dull yellowish isabelline ; forehead marked 

 with dark brown, and nape tinged with 

 rufous ; general plumage blackish-bro^vn : 

 some of the scapulars pure white ; tail dark 

 grey with broad terminal blackish band ; 

 immature brown ; tail uniform. 



Europe, 



N. Asia to N 



China. 



Spain and 

 N. Africa 

 (Morocco, 

 Algeria, 



Tunis.) 



High 

 Central 

 Asia, 

 Himalayas. 



N. America 

 Arctic 

 Regions 

 S.to 



California 

 and 



Alleghenies in 

 N. Carolina. 



