65 



181 . Aquila heliaca heliaca Savigiiv, Descr. Egypte 

 Ois. p. 82, pi. 12 (1809). '^ [Upper Egypt.] 

 Imperial Eagle. 



(Size similar ; forehead and crown blackish 

 brown : edge of wing and some of scapulars 

 white, forming a conspicuous shoulder patch ; 

 immature fawn colour, tail uniform. 

 Aquila heliaca adalberti Brehm, Ber. Vers, 

 deutsch. Orn. Ges. 1860, p. 60. (1861.) 

 [Spain.] 

 White -shouldered Eagle. 



181a. 



182. 



Rather smaller : length 5 30, wing 23 in. ; 

 plumage brown, paler below ; head brown, 

 nape patch fulvous ; quills, larger scapulars 

 and tail blackish-brown, latter with fulvous 

 tip and obsolete ashy bars ; edge of wing 

 white, forming conspicuous white shoulder ; 

 immature ashy-brown, tail darker, with 

 terminal band of fawn. 



Aquila nipalensis nipalensis Hodgs., Asiat. 

 Res. xviii, pt. 2, pi. 1, pp. 13-16 (1833). 

 [Nepal.] 

 Eastern Steppe Eagle. 



Smaller: wing^ 21.50, $ 22.50. 

 182a. Aquila nipalensis orientalis Cab., J. f. O. 

 1854, p. 369. [Sarepfta, Volga.] 

 Western Steppe Eagle. 



Length 2 31, wing 22 in. ; c? length 28, 

 wing 20 in. ; general colour above and below 

 tawny to rufous brown ; head and neck 

 somewhat marked with darker brown ; 

 scapulars and wing-coverts darker brown, 

 blotched with pale brown ; quills and tail 

 blackish-brown, with indications of greyish 

 bars ; under parts streaked with darker 

 brown ; immature tawny, tail brown tipped 

 with fulvous. 

 183. Aquila rapax rapax (Temm.) PI. Col., pi. 

 455 (1828). [Pte. merid. de VAfrique.] 

 Tawny Eagle. 



S.E. Europe 

 to C. Asia, 

 N. India, 

 China, Burma, 



Spain ; N.W. 

 Africa. 



Central Asia 

 N.W. India, 

 and E. 

 Siberia ; in 

 winter to 

 Africa. 



Steppes of 

 S.E. Europe 

 and W. Asia. 



Africa, from 

 Cape Colony 

 N. to C. and 

 E. Africa ; 

 C. Asia and 

 N.W. India. 



