,rMx 



aclb - 



FlG. 308. Rana temporaria, the common European frog, A, dorsal aspect of skeli 

 on the left half the membrane hones of the skull, the shoulder girdle, and the fore and 

 hind limbs have been removed. Cartilaginous parts dotted. Names ot cartilage 1 

 in thick capitals, of membrane bones in italic capitals. a.c.hy, anterior coinu of h} 

 actb, acetabulum ; AST, astragalus ; b.hy, basi-hyal ; C, calcar; CAL. calcaneum ; EX.OC, 

 exoccipital ; FE, femur; ton, ton , fontanelles ; FR.PA, fron to-parietal ; HU. humerus; 

 IL, ilium; MX, maxilla; olfxp, olfactory capsule ; ot.pr, otic processes; p.chy, posterior 

 cornu ofhyoid; PMX, premaxilla; PR. OT. pro-otic; QU.JU, quadrato-jugal ; RA.UL, 

 radio-ulna; SP.ETH, sphenethmoid ; SO, squamosal ; S.SCP, supra-scapula ; sus, suspen- 

 sorium; TI.PI, tibio-fibula ; tr.pr, transverse process ; UST, urostyle ; V.i, cervical verte- 

 bra ; V.9. sacral vertebra; I/O, vomer; I-V, digits. B, the fourth vertebra, anterior aspect ; 

 <P.zyg, anterior zygapophysis ; 1 «, centrum ; Im, lamina ; n.sp, neural spine ; pd, pedicle ; 

 transverse process. (Aftei Howes, slightly altered, from Parker and Haswell's Manual.) 



