APPENDIX 



THE RELATION OF ZOOLOGY TO ALLIED 



SCIENCES 



We have already defined Zoology and Botany as the sciences 

 which deal with the phenomena of animal life and of plant life 

 respectively ; hence both are concerned with living matter, with 

 organisms, as distinguished from lifeless matter, such as minerals, 

 and so the term Biology (Gr. fiios, life, and Xo'yo?, discourse), in 

 its broadest significance, the science of life, is often used to 

 include them both. We may, however, speak of the biology of 

 some particular animal or plant, and by this we mean a study 

 of the phenomena presented by the animal or plant during its 

 life history. While Zoology, then, is that branch of the science 

 of Biology which undertakes to ascertain all that may be known 

 about animals, their structure, their activities, their development, 

 and their relations to other animals, to plants, and to the 

 inorganic world as well, it is customary, however, in most text- 

 books of Zoology to treat these matters in a rather general way, 

 and to leave their detailed consideration to more extended 

 treatises, each dealing with some particular phase of animal 

 life. Thus we find that the various subjects included in the 

 study of animals, and of plants as well, may be grouped under 

 the two sciences of Morphology (Gr. fxopcfri], form, and Xo'yo?, 

 discourse), which has to do with all matters relating to the form 

 or structure of organisms, and Physiology (Gr. (frvais, nature, 

 and A.0'709, discourse), which considers the activities or functions 

 of living matter. Inasmuch, however, as structure and func- 

 tion are so intimately associated with one another, these two 

 sciences must be studied to a greater or less extent together. 

 But structure and function are very extensive subjects, so that 

 we have a large number of sciences, each of which deals with 



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