The Woody Plants of New Hampshire 



By Albion R. Hodc;i)ox and Frederic L. Steele* 



THE appearance in 1950 of the 8th edition of Cray's Manual by Al. L. 

 Fernald has now made inadequate many of the earher standard treat- 

 ments deahng- witli local areas within the "manual range"'. Certain species 

 have been found only recently to be compriserl of two or more geographic- 

 ally and morphologically distinct populations. One such species is Aluits 

 ntgosa which has a more northern phase quite distinct in central and north- 

 ern New England called var. aincricaiia. having leaves glaucous or some- 

 what whitish beneath. Such major subdivisions of species are customarily 

 mcluded in a work of this sort. The genus Amdanchicv has been completely 

 revised ; only four species for the entire range were included in the 7tli 

 edition of Gray's Manual in 1908, while in Xew Hampshire alone we now 

 recognize eight species. A number of other examples could be given, either 

 of the recognition of new species, or of geographical varieties. Many new 

 forms have been recognized and many hybrids noted. In addition to these 

 additions in taxonomy there have been numerous changes of names and 

 some transfers to different genera or families. A further reason for project- 

 ing this work is our greatly expanded knowledge concerning the geographic 

 and ecologic distribution of the taxons that comprise our flora. Thus, the 

 present treatment adds a few species as well as many varieties and forms 

 10 the published woody flora of New Hampshire and clarifies the range 

 within the state of manv others that have long been known to occur within 

 its borders. 



Xo local flora has ever been published covering all the species of the 

 entire state of X>w Hampshire. Prof. A. S. Pease's Vascular Flora of 

 Coos County (1926) is an outstanding work for that area. John Foster's 

 booklet. Trees and Shrubs of New Hampshire (1929), a good guide to 

 the less critical of our w ood}- species, includes brief notes as to their ranges 

 and habitats. Varieties and forms are not included and some of the .species 

 in more difficult groups, such as Sali.v. are omitted. Several other local 

 floras cover small areas. The present work attempts to give a complete 

 list of all the woody plants of the state with notes as to their range, environ- 

 ment, and state of al3undance. 



We have rather rigidly followed the classification used by Fernald in 

 Cray's Maiiual. Sth edition: all species, varieties, and forms accepted in 

 that work which we have been able to locate in New Hampshire are includ- 

 ed in our treatment, the major exception being Carya oralis which is treat- 

 ed differently for reasons discussed in the text. It seems to us that Professor 

 Fernald's treatment works out well for the state of New Hampshire, the 

 principal objections being that hybridization seems to be somewhat more 

 prevalent in certain groups than is suggested, and the range of variation in 



* Dr. Hodgdon is Taxononiist. .Agricultural Experiment Station, University 

 of New Hampshire, Durham. N. H. Mr. Steele teaches at St. Mary's-in-the- 

 Mountains, Littleton, X. H. 



