assemblage, manv of the characteristic members of which are distinctly 

 woody, though it might etjually well be considered herbaceous. Plants 

 with characteristicallv l)iennial above ground stems are excluded even 

 though as with Rubus aUcgheiiiciisis they are somewhat woody. It has thus 

 been possible to f)mit the highly technical genus Rubus in which there are 

 many unsolved taxonomic problems. 



Of the very considerable number of trees and shrubs which are native 

 to other parts of the world and which have been planted in New Hamp- 

 shire, only those species have been included which tend to escape and 

 become naturalized or which have been observed to grow under such 

 conditions that they might appear to be native. Shrubs or trees persisting 

 around (jld deserted houses, cemeteries, etc., are accepted only if they have 

 displayed an aggressive tendenc\' to reproduce either by vegetative means 

 or by seeds. 



The following brief geographical discussion may make the range-designa- 

 tions accompanying each taxon more meaningful. The White Moimtains 

 proper occupy an area from central Carroll and Grafton counties north to 

 the Canadian border. The Presidential Range includes the highest peaks 

 and is about in the center of the White Mountain area. These and the 

 I'ranconia Range to the west of them are of sufficient elevation (above 

 4,800 ft.) to have extensive alpine areas above the forest. Occasional small 

 alpine areas occur elsewhere as noted below. Some of the other motuitains 

 have rocky summits, probably because the original forest-cover was re- 

 moved by fire. South of the White Motuitains there are occasional peaks 

 of moderate elevation, of which \h. Monadnock in southwestern New 

 Hampshire is the best known and highest. 



The principal rivers are the Androscoggin, Merrimack, Connecticut, 

 and Saco, all of which have apparently served as migration-routes for 

 many kinds of plants. There is, in addition to the above, a considerable 

 number of small rivers emptying into Great Bay and the Piscataqua River 

 in southeastern New Hampshire. 



The early modification of the Piscataqua River's tributary streams and 

 of the Merrimack by constructing dams undoubtedly altered the vegetation 

 to a considerable degree. This is particularly true of those plants which 

 normally occur near the water-line. In more recent times the high dams 

 of the upper Connecticut River have raised the water level for many- 

 miles back of them and thus have ])rovided very uninteresting shores 

 botanically speaking. In general, the fiora along the river is much 

 more interesting below the dams. 



We have arbitrarilly divided the state into northern, central, and south- 

 ern parts. Northern New Hampshire comprises the area of the White 

 Mountains, and includes river-valleys and any other low-land in the vici- 

 nity. Essentially this takes in the northern half of Carroll and Grafton 

 counties and, of course, all of Coos County. Central New Hampshire covers 

 the southern halves of Carroll and Grafton counties, most of Sullivan 

 County except the southernmost townships, the northern part of Merri- 

 mack County and the northern half of Straft'ord County. In eastern New 

 Hampshire a natural division occurs between central and southern New 

 Hampshire in a range of high hills extending westward or south westward 

 toward the Merrimack X'alley. This range includes Parker and Catamoimt 

 mountains. There is no sucli division farther west in the valleys of the 



