\'ar. cordifolia (Regel.) Fern. 



Mostly on upper forested slopes of mountains and in subalpine areas of Presidential 

 Range, also in cool ravines and on ledges at low elevations ; hybrids between B. 

 populifolia and B. papyrifera or B. papynfcra var. cordifulia have been collected on 

 Mt. Paugus in Albany, and summit of Pack MonadnocK in Peterboroug'h. 



B. glandulosa Michx. Dwarf Birch. 



Mostly confined to alpine areas of Presidential Range; one station in Jackson, 

 Carroll Co., at 1,600-ft. elevation: Rhodora 48:183, 1946; hybridizes with B. minor. 



Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh var. crispa. Green or Mountain-Alder. 



Confined to White Mountain area; common in gullies and moist slopes in sub- 

 alpine areas of higiTer mountains, occasional on lower mountains, and in valleys in 

 northern New Hampshire : forma stragula Fernald of dwarf character has been 

 found on Mt. Washington and exposed slope of Mt. Bond. 



\'ar. mollis Fern. 



Freely intergrading with the typical ; common in the general area of White Moun- 

 tains from subalpine parts of Presidential Range (rare), to lower mountains, and 

 foothills ; occasional in rest of state ; ledges, stream-gravels, bushy flats and along 

 tlie coast. 



The Alnus rui/osa complex of swamps and low grounds is liighly diverse 

 in central and southern New Hampshire ; in addition to frequent intraspecific cross- 

 ing between the varieties and forms of .-('. ruf/osa there are frequent intergradations 

 between A. serrulata var. subclliptica and A. rmjosa var. rugosa. 



A. rugosa (DuRoi) Spreng. var. rugosa. Speckled Alder. 



The vars. of A. rugosa occur in swamps and along streams at low elevations; var. 

 rugosa is mostly confined to and often frequent in southern half of state, reaching 

 Haverhill in Connecticut Valley and Madison in central New Hampshire: forma 

 Eincrso)iiana Fernald with leaves pubescent beneath is about as common as the 

 glabrous phase. 



Var. americana (Regel.) Fern. 



The northern variety occurring in the northern half of New Hampshire nearly or 

 quite to the exclusion of var. rugosa and often predominating also in the southern 

 part : in early development or in unfavorable situations easily confused with var. 

 rugosa : forma hypovialaca Fernald, with leaves pubescent beneath, occupies the same 

 range and is about as common : collections approaching forma touiopliylla Fern, with 

 deeply indented leaves have been made in Colebrook and Pittsburg. 



A. serrulata (Ait.) Willd var. serrulata. Common Alder. 



Connnon in southern and south central New Hampshire extending north to Madison, 

 Holderness, and Claremont ; shores of ponds, along streams, and in swamps : forma 

 novaboracensis (Britt.) Fern, with leaves pubescent beneath is occasional. 



Var. subclliptica Fern. 



Less common than typical and often growing with it but more southern in range, 

 occurring north to Tamworth : forma nioUcsccns Fern, with leaves pubescent beneath 

 is known from Merrimack and is probably found elsewhere. 



Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. Beech. 



Widespread climax tree throughout at middle and low elevations up to 2,5U0 feet; 

 chiefly of irich soils ; probably consists of several varieties not yet clearly elucidated 

 taxonomically : forma pubcsccns Fern. & Rehd. with leaves short pubescent beneath 

 and villous on the veins is occasional in southern Xew Hampshire. 



Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chestnut. 



Apparently no large trees now remain of the once extensive chestnut-forests that 

 covered ridges and slopes in southern and south central New Hampshire at low 

 elevations, extending no-rth to Alton, Center Harbor, and Hanover ; sprouts are 

 fruiting extensively, and apparently disease-free seedling-chestnuts are occasionally 

 met with ; formerly cultivated outside of natural range. 



23 



