ANTHERIDIA. 



ANTHINA. 



h. The walls simply thickened like wood- 

 cells. Zamia. 



Other intermediate modifications exist; 

 and it is necessary to observe that the cha- 

 racter of the markings often differs in dif- 

 ferent parts of the wall of the anther. The 

 side of the cell-wall next the cavity is that 

 generally most marked ; the outer wall lying 

 next under the epidermis is often smooth 

 and unmarked. 



A similar structure is found on the walls 

 of the sporanges of many of the Hepaticae, 

 such as Marchantia (PL 40. fig. 35), Junger- 

 mannia, &c. (see HEPATIC^). Also on the 

 walls of the sporanges of Equisetum (see 

 EQUISETACE^J). For further particulars 

 respecting the relations of these cells to 

 other spiral-fibrous tissues, see SPIRAL 

 STRUCTURES. 



BIBL. Purkinje, De cell, anther. Jibrosis, 

 Wratislaviffi, 1880 5 Sachs, ot. 1874, 

 525. 



ANTHERIDTA. The general name ap- 

 plied to all the various structures in which, 

 certainly or probably, the fertilizing function 

 of reproduction resides in Flowerless Plants, 

 and which consequently "correspond physio- 

 logically to the anthers of the Flowering 

 Plants. " They differ to some extent in the 

 character of the final products, which are 

 extremely minute bodies, some exhibiting 

 spontaneous motion when placed in water. 



The antheridia of the higher Flowerless 

 Plants, those with leaf and stem, produce 

 active filaments, coiled more or less in a 

 spiral form, and the motion is here connected 

 with the presence of cilia upon the spiral fila- 

 ments. With regard to those of the Thallo- 

 phytes, the antheridia are not everywhere 

 so well understood. Their existence is 

 clearly ascertained in the Fucaceae, and the 

 active bodies are ciliated. The function of 

 the so-called antheridia of the Florldeae is 

 not yet proved, and it is denied by Thuret 

 that the antherozoids (or spermatozoids) 

 have a power of motion ; recent researches 

 among the Confervaceae have shown the 

 existence of antheridial cells, producing 

 active spermatozoids, to be very general in 

 that order. In the Fungi and Lichens the 

 antheridia seem to be represented by a dif- 

 ferent kind of structure, which produces 

 minute stick-shaped bodies, apparently not 

 endowed with spontaneous motion. 



The moving oodies from the antheridia 

 are called spermatozoids, antherozoids, or 

 spermatic filaments in the higher Crypto- 

 gamia. The active bodies of the Fungi 



Fig. 23. 



and Lichens have been provisionally named 

 spermatin. 



The antheridia of the Marsileaceae are re- 

 presented by the smaller form of spore pro- 

 duced in the sporanges (see MARSILEACEJE). 

 This is also the case in regard to the Lyco- 

 podiaceae so far as Selayinella and Isoetes 

 are concerned (see LYCOPODIACEJE). In the 

 Ferns and Equisetaceae the antheridia are 

 produced along with the 

 archegonia on the prothal- 

 liuni or cellular frond re- 

 sulting from the germina- 

 tion of the spore (see 

 FERNS and EQUISETA- 

 CEAE) . In the Mosses and 

 leafy Liverworts, the an- 

 theridia are produced in 

 terminal or axillary buds, 

 associated with or sepa- 

 rate from the archegonia 

 (fig. 23). In the fron- 

 dose Liverworts, they are 



imbedded in the frond, Bartramia fontana. 

 Or more Or less raised Male inflorescence 

 from it on special recep- with antheridia and 

 tacles (see MOSSES and nifiecl ^diameterf." 



HEPATICJE). 



The antheridia are represented in the 

 Characeae by the so-called globule, in which 

 are produced filamentous spermatozoids re- 

 sembling those of Mosses (see CHAR A). 



Antheridia occur in Saprolegniae (Pringsh. 

 Jahrb. Bd. vi. p. 249 &c. ; Tab. Fungi, fig. 

 26), and have been observed in Tuber and 

 Peziza. (See Pringsh. Jahrb. Bd. ii. p. 378 

 &c. ; De Bary, Ann. d. Sc. Nat. Juin 1866. 

 p. 343; Tulasne, ibid. De'c. 1866, p. 211.) 



The supposed antheridial organs of the 

 Lichens are called spermogonia, and will be 

 found described under LICHENS; and the 

 analogous structures found in certain Fungi 

 called by the same name, are described 

 under CONIOMYCETOUS FUNGI, also under 

 the heads of certain genera of that family. 

 The antheridia of the Algae are described 

 under Fucus, FLORIDE.S:, (EDOGONIUM, 

 VAUCHERIA, SPH^EROPLEA, VOLVOX. 



ANTHEROZOIDS. The term applied 

 by the French authors to SPERMATOZOIDS. 



ANTH'INA, Fries. A genus of Isariacei 

 (Hyphomycetous Fungi), composed of mi- 

 nute fibrous plants, often of bright colours, 

 growing upon dead leaves &c. in autumn. 

 One British species is recorded : 



A.Jlammea,Yr. Attenuated downwards, 

 smooth, crimson-saffron, dilated upwards, 

 feathery, yellow. Clavaria miniata, Purton. 



