ANTHOCEROS. 



ANTHOPHORA. 



Fig. 24. 



A beautifully coloured Fungus, varying as 

 to the degree of ramification, scarcely 1-2 " 

 thick at the base ; thickened upwards, as also 

 are the branches ; fibrous and feathery at 

 the summit ; solitary ; from 1-2" to 1" high ; 

 turning blackish when dried. The spores 

 separate very readily when the specimens 

 are placed in water for examination. 



It may, however, be doubted whether 

 even Anthinajlammea, which occurs occa- 

 sionally in considerable quantity* amongst 

 dead leaves in shady woods, is an autono- 

 mous fungus, though it may be difficult to 

 point out of what species it may be a state, 

 unless it be related to Thelephora tnultizo- 

 nata, Berk. 



BIBL. Purton, iii. 1. 18 ; Nees and Henry, 

 Syst. d. Prize, 1837, t. 6; Fries, Summa 

 Vecjet. p. 465. 



ANTHO'CEROS, Mich. A genus of 

 Anthoceroteae (Hepaticse). 



The forms found in Britain 

 are regarded by Hooker as 

 varieties of one species. By 

 the continental botanists they 

 are divided into two: A.punc- 

 tatus, with the frond dotted 

 and divided at the margin ; 

 and A. lavis, with the frond 

 smooth (fig. 24). 



These plants are found in 

 very moist situations, at the 

 sides of ditches <fcc., fruiting 

 in spring. The ovate-oblong 

 fronds are from \ to f of an 

 inch long, lying fiat, and 

 often forming round patches, 

 overlapping one another, ra- 

 diating from a centre and 

 more or less divided at the 

 margin. The texture is be- 

 tween membranaceous and fleshy, inclining 

 to the latter; the colour deep green, lighter 

 at the margins. The antheridia and arche- 

 gonia are usually abundant on the same in- 

 dividual. The antheridia are spherical, with 

 short stalks, of a yellowish-orange colour, 

 included in cup-shaped, deeply toothed re- 

 ceptacles on the upper face of the fronds. 

 The young archegonia differ from those of 

 any other Hepaticse in their structure, since, 

 instead of free, flask-like cases, they are 

 tubular cavities running down from the 

 upper face of the frond, with an embryonal 

 cell at the bottom, which increases by de- 

 grees into a conical body, and finally emerges 

 on the surface, surrounded by a perichsete 

 continuous with the epidermis of the frond. 



Anthocer09 lffivia . 

 Magnified 2 dia- 

 meters. 



The conical body by degrees grows up into 

 the narrow pod-like sporange, which attains 

 a length of about 2 inches, and is supported 

 on a short pedicel, 2 to 3 lines high, almost 

 concealed in the perichsete. The sporange 

 splits down the middle into two valves, 

 which become slightly twisted, and leave 

 in the centre a thread-like column, to which 

 adhere for a time many of the spores and 

 elaters. The spores, the development of 

 which has been a subject of much study, and 

 is very instructive, from the long sporange 

 containing specimens of successively older 

 formation from one extremity to the other, 

 are of the ordinary character of these 

 tribes, having a reticulated outer coat, 

 marked by ridges indicating the mutual pres- 

 sure of the four spores formed in each parent- 

 cell. The elaters are much simpler than 

 usual, consisting merely of membranous 

 tubes, not very long, but sometimes irregu- 

 larly curved or branched, without any spiral 

 fibre in their interior. Gemmae also occur 

 on the frond ofAnthoceros. 



BIBL. Dev. of the Fruit generally : Hof- 

 meister, Hohern. Kryptoyamen, Leipsic, 

 1851 ; Schacht, Entw. d. Prucht und Spore 

 v. Anthoceros lecvis, Bot. Zeif. 1850. Spores : 

 Mohl, Linncea, 1839 ; Vermischte Sc-hriff., 

 Tubingen, 1846 ; Nageli, Veget. Cells (Itny 

 Society}, 1846, p. 229; Carrington, Brit. 

 Hep., 1881 ; Sachs, Bot. 351. 



ANTHOCEROTEyE. A tribe of Liver- 

 worts or Hepaticae (which see), containing 

 one British genus, ANTHOCEROS. 



ANTHO'PHORA, Latr. A genus of 

 Insects, of the order Hymenoptera, and 

 family Apidae. 



Char. Wings with three complete sub- 

 marginal cells of equal size ; labial palpi with 

 the third joint affixed obliquely; maxillary 

 palpi 6-jointed ; intermediate legs of male 

 with long brushes of hair. 



There are two species, A. retusa and A. 

 Haivorthana. 



A. retusa (mason bee) is commonly seen 

 flying about sunny and sandy banks from 

 March to the beginning of June. Its head 

 and trophi are represented in PI. 33. fig. 24. 



The antennce (a) are inserted in the centre 

 of the face, not approximating, short, geni- 

 culated, and 13-jointed in the male ; basal 

 joint (scapus) very pubescent, second (pedi- 

 cella) globose, third as long as the first, 

 fourth shorter than any of the following, 

 which are oblong; they are similar in the 

 female, but a little longer, and 12-jointed. 

 Ldbntm (e) deflexed, convex, with two black 



