APATITE. 



APHID^E. 



Ann. d. Sc. Nat. 2 s^r. i. and ii. ; Koch, 

 Deutsch. Crust. &c. ; Heyden, Isis, p. 100 ; 

 Gervais, Walckenaer** Hist. d. Ins. iii. ; 

 Murray, Econ. Entom. p. 140. 

 APATITE, see ROCKS. 

 APHANIZOM'ENON, Morren (Limno- 

 chlide, Kiitzing). A genus of Nostochaceae 

 (Confervoid Algse) forming a delicate bluish- 

 green mucous stratum on the surface of lakes 

 or standing water. The filaments are very 

 slender, flaccid and obscurely jointed. The 

 spermatic cells are much elongated, either 

 scattered or, more frequently, solitary near 

 the centre of the filament. Allinan inclines 

 to think they are formed by confluence of 

 adjacent cells; he found vesicular cells 

 (heterocysts) also, which Ralfs did not de- 

 scribe. This genus seems to form a con- 

 necting link between the Oscillatoriaceae 

 and Nostochaceee, as indicated by Hassall. 

 Ralfs enumerates three British species, 

 viz. 



A. Flos-aqua, Linn. (PI. 8. fig. 1). Fila- 

 ments about 1-3000" in diameter, cohering 

 laterally in flat lamellae which separate at 

 their extremities into fasciculi; spermatic 

 cells cylindrical, with an inconspicuous co- 

 vering. Ralfs, An. N. Hist. 1850, v. pi. 9. 

 fig. 6 ; Limnochlide Flos-aqua, Kiitz. Tab. 

 Phyc. cent. i. pi. 91. fig. 2 a. 



A. cyaneum, Ralfs. Filaments free, ag- 

 gregated into a thin mucous stratum ; spo- 

 rangia linear, 8 to 12 times longer than 

 broad, with a conspicuous hyaline covering. 

 Ralfs, I c. pi. 9. fig. 7. Limnochlide Flos- 

 aqua, var. hercynicU) Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. c. i. 

 pi. 91. fig. 11 ? 



A. incurvum, Morren. " Filaments arti- 

 culated, cohering together in flat laminae, 

 laciniated at the apex ; articulations 2 to 8 

 times longer than broad." Ralfs states that 

 the Irish specimens identified by Morren 

 do not agree with this character, being held 

 together by the mucous matrix rather than 

 cohering, as in Flos-aqua, and they are 

 neither fasciculated nor laciniated at the 

 ends. Ralfs, /. c. pi. 9. fig. 8. Aph. incur- 

 vum, Thompson, An. N. H. 1850, v. 82 ; 

 Hassall, Alga, t. 76. fig. 6. Limnochlide 

 Flos-aqua, var. Harveyana, Kiitz. Tab. 

 Plnjc. c. i. pi. 91. fig. 2. 



BIBL. Ralfs, Ann. N. Hist. 1850, v. 339; 

 Allman, Qu. Mic. Jn. iii. p. 21, and the 

 other works cited above. 



APHANOCAP'SA, Na<*. A genus of 

 Confervoid Algae ; consisting of spherical 

 green cells, imbedded in an amorphous ge- 

 latinous mass. 



A. mrescens (PI. 3. fig. 2). On wet rocks 

 and stones. Other species. 



BIBL. Rabenhorst, Fl. Aly. ii. p. 48. 

 APIIANOCH.ETE, Braun. A genus 

 of Chaetophoreae (Confervoid Algse) allied 

 to Coleochate ; the bristles arising from the 

 backs of the cells are not sheathed, but 

 jointed in the upper part. Not yet detected 

 in Britain. 



BIBL. Braun, Verjung. p. 196 (Ray Soc. 

 transl. 1853, p. 184) ; Rabenhorst, Alg, iii. 

 p. 390 (fig.). 



APHANOTHE'CE, Nag. A genus of 

 Confervoid Algse. 



Char. Cells minute, rounded or oblong, 

 seruginous, enclosed in a gelatinous en- 

 velope. 



A. microscopica (PL 3. fig. 3). In marshy 

 places, everywhere. Many other species. 

 BIBL. Rabenhorst, Aly. ii. p. 63. 

 APH'ID^E. A family of Insects belong- 

 ing to the order Hemiptera (Hoinoptera, 

 Westwood). This family comprises the 

 insects known as plant-lice. 



Rostrum more or less perpendicular or 

 inflexed, varying in length, being in some 

 species longer than the body, and consisting 

 of four joints (PI. 36. fig. 1). Labrum 

 long and pointed at the tip. Antennae of 

 moderate or of great length, setaceous or 

 filiform, and usually composed of 3-7 joints, 

 the last joint being sometimes obsolete and 

 the third longest (PI. 36. fig. 2). Ocelli 

 three to six in number, forming a large tri- 

 angle ; eyes compound, prominent, and semi- 

 globose. Thorax oval, with the prothorax 

 forming a transverse collar ; abdomen short 

 and convex, ovate or elongate-ovate, soft, 

 and generally furnished with a more or less 

 elongated tubercle or cornicle on each side 

 near the extremity. Wings, when present, 

 four; the anterior much larger than the 

 posterior, placed obliquely or nearly per- 

 pendicularly on the sides of the body in re- 

 pose ; the anterior with a strong subcostal 

 nerve, terminating near the apex in a broad 

 stigma, and giving off' two or three oblique 

 nerves running to the posterior margin of 

 the wing ; of these the one nearest the apex 

 is usually forked once or twice. These 

 variations in the arrangement of the post- 

 costal nerve form the distinguishing cha- 

 racters of the Tribes (Buckton). A papilla 

 with three bent hcoks on the costal margin 

 of the hind wings, works in a fold of the 

 posterior margin of the anterior wing, some- 

 what as in the Hymenoptera. Legs usually 

 very long and slender, with the thighs some- 



