ASCOPHORA. 



ASPERGILLUS. 



cavity lined with elongated asci mixed with 

 paraphyses. 



SPHLERIACEI. Fruit usually forming a 

 common, often horny, receptacle, in which 

 are excavated conceptacles, lined with asci, 

 opening by a terminal pore. 



PEEISPOBIACEI. Common receptacle floe- 

 cose, radiating from a centre, bearing con- 

 ceptacles free or surrounded by filaments, 

 opening by a terminal pore, with asci at- 

 tached at the base filled with simple ovate 

 spores. 



ONYGKENEI. Mycelium floccose, bearing 

 capitate, stalked sporanges, which open 

 by a circular slit at the base, causing the 

 upper part to fall off like a cap ; exposing 

 a fructifying mass composed of interlacing 

 branched filaments, bearing globular asci at 

 the free extremities of the branches. 



BIBL. See under the heads of the Families. 



ASCOPH'ORA, Tode. See MUCOB. 



ASCOT'RICHA, Berk. A genus of Peri- 

 sporiacei (Ascomycetous Fungi), containing 

 one species. 



A. chartarum, a kind of mildew growing 

 on paper, forming a brownish, angularly and 

 dichotomously branched mycelium, from 

 which arise globose, black, hairy peridia con- 

 taining linear asci, each containing a single 

 row of chocolate-coloured spores. Peridia 

 from 1-20 to 1-30" in diameter. 



BIBL. Berkeley, Ann. N. H. 1838, i. 257, 

 pi. 7. fig. 8. 



AS'CUS. The term applied to the cylin- 

 drical globose or clavate tubular sac forming 

 the parent cell of the sporidia in the Asco- 

 mycetous Fungi. It is frequently called a 

 theca also (tigs. 40 and 42). Asci consist 

 of a double membrane, the inner often 

 visibly projecting when the ascus is broken 

 across. A little lid is frequently separated 

 from the apex when the sporidia are dis- 

 charged, as in Ascobolus, in which genus 

 the asci are shot out from the common 

 hymenium. See ASCOMYCETES. 



BIBL, Mag. ZooL $ Bot. vol. ii. p. 222 ; 

 Pringsh. Jahrb. Bd. i. p. 189 ; Cooke, Hand- 

 book. 



ASEL'LUS, Geoffrey (the water wood- 

 louse). A genus of Crustacea, of the family 

 Isopoda. 



Char. Antennae four, outer much longer 

 than the inner ones ; legs shorter than the 

 body, the first pair not chelate ; two poste- 

 rior projecting bifurcate abdominal appen- 



A. vulgaris (PI. 18. fig. 13). Length 1-4 

 to 1-2" or more. This animal is particu- 



larly interesting to the microscopist, on ac- 

 count of its forming the most readily pro- 

 curable object for examining the dorsal 

 vessel and circulating liquid in motion. It 

 is found in almost all stagnant waters. The 

 currents of the circulating liquid, with 

 the colourless corpuscles, are readily seen 

 streaming through every part of the body. 

 Beneath the large scutiform joint of the 

 body (the abdomen), are three flattened 

 branchial false legs or gills on each side, 

 covered by two jointed gill-covers j these 

 are in almost constant motion during life. 



BIBL. Desmarest, Consid. Gen. 8. I. Crus- 

 taces ; Treviranus, Vermischte Schriften, i. 



Fig. 43. 



M.-Edwards, Crustacts, iii. (Suites a J5uf- 

 fon). 



ASPERGIL'LUS, Micheli. A genus of 

 Mucedines (Hyphomycetous Fungi) forming 

 common mould, such as the blue mould of 

 cheese, A. glaucus. The chains of spores 

 arise from a more or less globular head at 

 the apex of the fertile 

 filaments (fig. 43). It is 

 often stated that the 

 heads of spores are origi- 

 nally enclosed in a peri- 

 diuni j according to our 

 observations this is not 

 the case ; the spores bud 

 out from the capitular 

 cell, which enlarges very 

 much during the forma- 

 tion of the head of spores ; 

 and when these have been 

 detached, the head is left 

 bare, but covered with 

 short spiny processes (the 



points Of attachment of 



the chains of Spores), and with chains of spores 



thenlookssomethi^Hke ^iS!.- 



a young peridmm 01 Mu- meters. 



cor. Aspergillus has been 



found to produce a secondary form of fruit, 



being that forming the subject of the genus 



EUBOTIUM. British species : 



* Fertile Jilaments simple. 



A. glaucitS) Link. Sporidia globose, va- 

 riable, white to glaucous, close (A. candidtts, 

 Link) or lax. Heads about 1-100" in dia- 

 meter when mature. On cheese, lard, bread, 

 &c., very common (fig. 43). It has been found 

 also in the lungs and air-cavities of birds, 

 Mucor glaucus, L. 



A. roseus, Lk. Sporidia globose, very 

 small, rose-red ; fertile filaments not sep- 

 tate. On damp paper, lint, carpet, &c. 



A8pergil i us g i aucU8 . 



fertile filament 



