BACTERIASTRUM. [ 



Bacterium termo. In infusions, salt and 

 fresh ; in stale infusions of boiled egg ; length 

 1-600". 



B. ruber. Filaments single, or in twos 

 and fours, movement very active. In a red 

 mucilaginous matter on rice. 



Other species have been described: B. 

 malarice (ague-fungus), Klebs; B. viride, 

 v. Tieghem ; B. leprosus } in leprosy ; and B. 

 typhi abdominalis. 



Amylobacter is sometimes referred to 

 Bacillus. 



Reproduction is stated to occur by fission, 

 and by the formation of globular or oval 

 spores developed within the joints ; some of 

 these form resting-spores. In B. anthracis, 

 cultivated in the dog, sporanges with 3 to 6 

 spores are stated to be found. Cohn also 

 describes globular or elliptical strongly re- 

 fractive headlets, supposed to be germinated 

 from gonidia. See SCHIZOMYCETES. 



BIBL. That of BACTERIUM. 



BACTERIAS'TRUM, Shadb. A doubt- 

 ful genus of marine Diatomaceae, character- 

 ized by the compound cylindrical frustules, 

 forming a filament, and the discoidal valves 

 with radiate marginal slender rays. 



B. curvatum (PL 18. fig. 18). * Rays en- 

 tire, arched; B. furcatum, rays straight, 

 forked ; B. nodulosum, rays simple, straight, 

 covered with nodules ; B. Walliclm, rays 

 simple, straight. 



BIBL. Shadbolt, Qu. Mic. Jn. ii. 14 ; Ra- 

 benhorst, Fl. Alg. p. 322 j Lauder. Mic. Tr. 

 1864, p. 7. 



BACTERID'lUM=BACiLLus. 



BACTE'RIUM, Ehr. A genus of Schi- 

 zomycetous Fungi. 



These organisms were formerly arranged 

 with the Infusoria ; subsequently with the 

 Algae, with which Davaine, Rabenhorst, 

 Cohn and Cienkowski still associate them, 

 on account of the resemblance of form, the 

 grouping, the mode of multiplication, and 

 their affinities with the genera Beggiatoa 

 and Leptothrix. 



Char. Cells cylindrical or elliptical, very 

 minute, single or in twos during division, 

 rarely four ; motion oscillatory. 



Many species have been described. By 

 repeated subdivision Bacteria are resolved 

 into a Micrococcus-form (Cienkowski). 



B. termo (PI. 7. fig. 17, and PI. 1. fig. 

 20). Colourless ; twice to five times as long 

 as broad, slightly swollen in the middle, 

 joints one or two ; length 1-1900" - 1-12000": 

 breadth 1-12000" -1-50000". Occurs in 

 animal and vegetable infusions ; often be- 



J 



BACTEIDIUM. 



coming surrounded with gelatinous matter 

 forming masses the Zoogloea-fonn. Fur- 

 nished with a ciliurn at each end (Dallinger 

 and Drysdale, and Warming). 



This is the first and true cause of ordinary 

 putrefaction. 



B. catenula (fig. 176). In foetid infusions, 

 and the excretions of typhoid fever. 



B. punctum (fig. c). In animal infusions j 

 length 1-5000", breadth 1-10000". 



B. triloculare (fig. 17c?). Oval, two to 

 five times as long as broad, with from 3 to 

 6 joints; length 1-2000" -1-5000". 



B. lineola (tig. Vie). Cells straight or 

 slightly curved, larger than B. termo, single 

 or in twos ; movement active. In animal 

 and vegetable infusions, marine and fresh 

 water. Zooglcea-plasma with dark puncta. 

 Turns milk sour. 



Some coloured species have been descri- 

 bed : B. xanthium, in cows' milk, colouring 

 it yellow ; B. syncyanum, in sour milk, 

 rendering it blue ; B. ceruginosum, in pus, 

 rendering it blue ; B. brunneum, in brown 

 decomposing infusions of maize; B. rubescens 

 and sulphuratum appear to be the same as 

 Monas vinosa. 



Many of the Bacteria may be well pre- 

 served by simply drying them upon a 

 slide. 



Numerous other organisms are sometimes 

 included under the term Bacteria, some of 

 them globular. The subject will be treated 

 generally under SCHIZOMYCETES. See also 

 COCCOBACTERIA and MICRO-COCCUS. 



BIBL. Ehrenb., In/us. ; Dujardin, Inf. ; 

 Sanderson, 12th and 13th Privy Council 

 Repts. ; Cohn, Beitraye, i. and ii. ; Pasteur, 

 Ann. de Chimie, 1 862, 66 ; Warming, Vi- 

 densk. Medd. Kjb'benhavn, 1875, 322 j 

 Lankester, Qu. Mic. Jn. 1873, 408 ; Mag- 

 nin, Bactcries, 1878; Koch, Cohrfs Beit. 

 1877, ii. j Davaine, Diet. Encycl., Art. Bac- 

 terie; Archer, Qu. Mic. Jn. 1878, xviii. 

 455 ; Ewart (B. anthracis), Proc. Hoy. Soc. 

 1878; Dallinger, Jn. Mic. Soc. 1878, i. 175 

 (figs.) ; Cienkowski, Mem. Ac. Pctersb. xxv. 

 (Qu. Mic. Jw.), 1878, xviii. 456; Roberts, 

 Phil. Tr. 1874, 466 ; Waldstein, Qu. Mic. 

 Jn. 1880, xx. 190; Lister, Qu. Mic. Jn. 

 xiii. 380 ; Livon, Jn. Mic. Soc. 1879, ii. 760 

 (Bacteria no poison) ; Dowdeswell (Atmo- 

 spheric), Qu. Mic. Jn. 1878, xviii. 82 ; Klebs, 

 Zeitschrift, 1879; V. Tieghem, Butt. Soc. 

 Bot. Fr. (Jn. Mic. Soc. 1880, i. 89) ; Tyn- 

 dall, Putrefaction fyc., 1881. 



BACTRID'IUM, Kunze. A genus of 

 Torulacei (Coniomycetous Fungi) ; micro- 



