BICELLARIA. 



BIGENERINA, 



BIBL. Ehrenberg, Ber. d. Berl. Ak. 

 1844-45, and Ann. N. H. 1848, i. 393 ; Kiit- 

 zing, Sp. Alg. ; Smith, Br. Diat. ii. 37. 



BICELLA'RIA, De BL A genus of In- 

 fundibulate Polyzoa, of the suborder Chei- 

 lostomata, and family Bicellariidae. 



B. ciliata ( Cellularia ciliata, Johnst.) (PI. 

 41. figs. 5 a and 5 6), is parasitical upon 

 Algae, Polypi, &c. within low- water mark j 

 spines about eleven. 



An elegant microscopic object. 



B. Alder i; spines six. 



BIBL. See BICELLABHD^!. 



BICELLARIIDAE (Celhdaria, Johnst. 

 in part). A family of Infundibulate Poly- 

 zoa, of the suborder Cheilostomata. 



Distinguished by the erect plant-like 

 polypidom being dichotomously divided into 

 narrow ligulate branches in two or more 

 rows; the absence of whips (vibracula); and 

 the avicularia when present being stalked 

 and jointed. Genera (British) : 



Bicellaria. Cells top-shaped, distinct, 

 armed with spines ; orifice looking upward. 



Bugula. Cells elliptical, closely con- 

 tiguous ; orifice very large ; margin simple, 

 not thickened (avicularia frequently red or 

 blue). 



BIBL. Johnston, Brit. Zooph. ; Busk, 

 Cat. (Brit. Mus.) ; Hincks, Polyz. 67. 



BICHRO'MATE OF POTASH. See 

 POTASH. 



BICOSCE'CA, Clark. A genus of 

 Flagellate Infusoria. 



Char. Solitary, two flagella, 1 long and 

 1 short; contained in a stalked horny 

 lorica. 



B. lacmtris (PI. 53. fig. 10). Pond-water, 

 common. 



B. gracilipes. Stalk long ; marine. 



BIBL. Kent, Inf. p. 274. 



BIDDULPHTA, Gray. A genus of Dia- 

 tomaceae. 



Char. Frustules compressed, quadrilateral, 

 connected with each other by the angles ; 

 filaments attached by a stipes ; angles of the 

 frustules equal and produced ; valves covered 

 with depressions (visible by direct light), 

 giving them a cellular appearance ; centre 

 of valves with spines ; marine. 



This genus resembles Isthmia and Amphi- 

 tetras in the general appearance of the frus- 

 tules and valves. But it differs from the 

 former in the angles being alike, and from 

 the latter in the compressed side view of 

 the frustules. Frustules often with rounded 

 transverse elevations, between which are 

 costae or shallow vittae. Those in which 



the angles are more prolonged and acute, 

 and the markings indistinct, are retained by 

 Kutzing in the genus Odontella, Ag. (Den- 

 ticella, Ehr. in part). 



B. pulchella, Ehr. (B. tri- t quinque-, 

 and sepfemlocularis, Kiitz.) (PI. 16. fig. !">). 

 Costae 3-7, central one with two or three 

 short spines ; produced angles rounded ; 

 markings coarse ; length 1-400 to 1-200". 



B. awnta,Bre-b. (PI. 19. fig. 9). Markings 

 indistinct ; costaB none ; angles horn-like ; 

 spines two or three, central; length 1-800". 



B. rhombus, Smith (Zygoceras rh. 

 Ehr. ?) (PI. 19. fig. 13, Ehr. ; PI. 50. fig. 

 16, Smith). Markings indistinct; costas 

 none ; spines near the hoop ; angles horn- 

 like; length 1-60 to 1-260". 



B. Baileyi, Sm. Markings indistinct; 

 costaa none ; angles horn-like ; sides of frus- 

 tules with two slight elevations, each with 

 one or two long spines ; length 1-250". 



B. turgida (Cerataulus turgidm, Ehr.). 

 Markings faint ; costae none ; angles cylin- 

 drical, truncate ; frustules with a row of 

 short and two large submedian spines on 

 each side ; length 1-240". 



B. Regina. Sides of frustules each with 

 three rounded median elevations ; spines 

 none ; angles rounded, with distinct mark- 

 ings ; length 1-220". 



Several other species, but not British. 



BIBL. Kiitzing, Bacill. and Sp. A1g.\ 

 Ehrenb. Ber. de Berl. Ak. 1843 & 1844; 

 Ralfs, Ann. N. H. 1843, xii. 273 ; Smith, 

 Br. Diat. ii. 47 ; GreviUe, Micr. Tr. 1864, 

 pp. 9, 85 ; 1865, pp. 6, 19, 49 ; 1866, pp. 6, 

 81 ; Rabenhorst, Fl.Alg. i. p. 310; Pritchard, 

 Infm. p. 847. 



BIFORI'NES. Under this name Turpin 

 described certain cells occurring in the septa 

 of the air-chambers of the leaves of the Ara- 

 ceae, characterized especially by the presence 

 of a large bundle of raphides. They contain 

 a thick fluid ; and when they are placed in 

 water, endosrnose causes them to burst and 

 discharge the crystals. See RAPHIDES. 



BIBL. Turpin, Ann. Sc. Nat. 2 se*r. vi. 

 p. 5, pi. 1-5. 



BIGENERI'NA, D'Orb. One of the 

 numerous modifications of the Textulaiian 

 type : instead of continuing to form bilateral 

 alternate (Enallostegian) chambers, it ad- 

 vances in growth with a straight single 

 (Stichostegian) series; and the aperture 

 becomes central, terminal, and rounded, in- 

 stead of being a transverse arch low down 

 on the septal face. If the aperture be 

 excentric, we have the Gemmulina of D'Or- 



