BLOOD ON BREAD. 



C 106 ] 



BODO. 



200 parts of water, will preserve them well 

 (Robin). 



BIBL. Kolliker, Hand. d. GewebeL ; the 

 Manuals on Physiology, by Miiller, Valen- 

 tine, Wagner, Carpenter, Forster, and 

 Kirkes ; the Dictionaries of Todd and Bow- 

 man, and Wagner; Hassall, Micr. An. ; 

 Gulliver, Gerber'sAnat. ; Ann.N. H. xvii. ; 

 Pr. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 91 ; Schmidt, Dia- 

 gnostik verddchtiger Flecke, &c. 1848 ; Frey, 

 Histologie, and the copious BIBL. therein ; 

 Browning (Spectroscope), Mn. Mic. Jn. ii. 

 p. 116 ; Rollett, Strieker's Handb. i. p. 574 ; 

 Cornil and Ranvier, Hist. path. ; Ruther- 

 ford, Hist. ; Beale, How fyc. ; Ralfs, Action 

 of Chloral hydrate, Chloroform, and Prussic 

 acid on (M. M. Jn., 3871, vi. 75) ; Sorby, 

 M. M. Jn. 1871, vi. 9 (Spectroscope) ; Rich- 

 ardson, ibid. 1876, xv. 30 (Sp.) ; Carpenter, 

 Micr. 107; Beale, How Sfc. 273; Osier, 

 M. M. Jn. 1874, xii. 141; E. Hart, Qu. 

 Mic. Jn. 1881, xxi. 132 (mum.} ; Klein, 

 Hist. ; Lewis, Qu. Mic. Jn. xix. 245 (Hce- 

 matozod) ; ibid. 1879, 109 (Rats) ; ibid. 

 xix. 356 (Microphytes) ; Norris, Jn. Mic. 

 Soc. 1880, iii. 229 ; Dowdeswell, Qu. Mic. 

 Jn. 1881, xxi. 154. 



BLOOD ON BREAD. Bread, flour, 

 paste, and similar substances are sometimes 

 attacked by a fermentation-fungus, which 

 produces patches of a blood-red (or some- 

 times of an amber) colour. Most authors 

 attribute the plants to Oidium, or to forms 

 of Penicillium. Ehrenberg observed only 

 minute corpuscles, which he called Monas 

 prodigiosa. We have found these patches 

 on sour paste, of red and yellow colour, 

 consisting of isolated oval cells not more 

 than 1-3000" in diameter ; and they were 

 associated with Penicillium glaucum, of 

 which they are probably a conidial form. 

 This form is called Cryptococcus glutinis by 

 Fresenius, who thinks it distinct from the 

 so-called Monas prodigiosa of Ehrenberg, 

 which he found in the form of corpuscles 

 about 1-24000 to 1-48000" in diameter. 

 Montagne regards the plant as a PalmeUa 

 (prodigiosa) ; and H. O. Stephens is of the 

 same opinion. Cohn rightly refers this or- 

 ganism to Micrococcus. 



This substance sometimes occurs on de- 

 caying Fungi. The blood-rain on damp 

 wall-paper, calico, and old gourds and 

 melons, is the mycelium of a species of 

 Epicoccum. 



BIBL. Ehrenb., Fresenius, Mycologie, 

 Heft ii. p. 78 ; Desnon, Mem. Soc. d. Sc. 

 Nat. de Cherbourg, iv. p. 19 ; Montagne, 



Compt. Rend. 1852 ; Ann. N. H. 2 ser. x. 

 p. 309 ; Berkeley, Crypt. Bot. p. 264 ; Ste- 

 phens, Ann. N. H. 1853, xii. p. 409, pi. 17. 



BLOOD-VESSELS. See VESSELS. 



BLOOD- WORM .The larva of Chiro- 

 nomus plumosus. 



BLOXAMIA, Berk, and Br. A genus of 

 Spheeronemei (?) (Stylosporous Fungi), con- 

 sisting of minute punctiform sacs, soon 

 bursting above, containing closely packed 

 tubes producing each a row of squarish 

 spores. An anomalous genus, allied to 

 Cystotrichia and Myxormia. B. truncata 

 has been found on dead Wych elms. 



BIBL. Berk. & Broome, Ann. N. H. 2 ser. 

 xiii.468, pi. 16. %. 17; Berk. Crypt. Bot. 329. 



BL YT'TIA, Endlich. A genus of Pelliere 

 (Hepaticae) founded on the Jungermannia 

 Lyellii of Hooker, remarkable for the double 

 envelope of the fruit, the outer being 

 very short, dentate and laciniated, while 

 the inner forms a largish, somewhat plaited 

 cylinder. The antheridia arising from the 

 rib are covered 

 by incumbent 

 scales, which 

 are sometimes 

 much laciniated 

 and crowded 

 together, some- 

 times (J. hi- 

 bernica, Hook. 

 Brit. Jungerm.} 

 scarcely tooth- 

 ed, lax and lar- 

 ger. 



BIBL. Hook- 

 er, Br. Jung. 



Nees, & t Leier- Blyttia Lyemi ' ma ^' 2 diam - 

 moose, iii. 313 ; Flora Danica, t. 2004. 



BO'DO, Ehr. A genus of Infusoria, be- 

 longing to the family Monadina. (Monads 

 with a tail.) 



Char. A tail; no eye-spot present; mouth 

 terminal ; animals sometimes united in the 

 form of a mulberry or a bunch of grapes. 



Ehrenberg describes eight species. 



Some of them inhabit the intestinal canal 

 of frogs, insects, &c. One is green, the rest 

 are colourless. 



Dujardin regards one species (Bodo gran- 

 dis) as comprising both his Heteromita 

 ovata and a species of Anisonema ; the 

 others he considers imperfectly examined 

 species belonging to his genera Cercomonas 

 and Amphimonas. 



Bodo grandis, E. (Heteromita ovata, D.). 



