BOTRYTIS. [ 11 



ages of the leaves, and sends out the fertile 

 filaments from the stomata, so that these 

 appear scattered among the hairs of the 

 epidermis; they are usually about 1-30" 

 high upon the leaves, branched at the apex, 

 septate and white. The 2 to 6 branches are 

 erecto-patent, acute, virgate, nodose from 

 numerous eliptical thickenings. The spores 

 in large specimens are at first globular- 

 ovoid, then elliptical, and finally somewhat 

 of the shape of a gourd-seed, with a sub- 

 apiculate mamilla at one end, very shortly 

 pedicellate at the other, of the same colour 

 as the filaments, chiefly white, densely 

 filled with sporules enclosed in an endo- 

 spore, about 1-800" long, 1-1200" thick. 

 These sporules have been shown by De 

 Bary to be zoospores when fully developed, 

 moving about by means of two cilia. 

 Besides the normal spores, there are resting- 

 spores in many Peronosporce, which have 

 been described by the same author in Ann. 

 d. Sc. N. 1863, xx. p. 10. Artotrogm of 

 Montagne is probably the resting-spore of 

 Peronospora infestans. Berkeley, Jn. Hort. 

 Soc. i. 30, pi. 2-4. figs. 4-19. Botrytis 

 Solani, auct., var. B. fallax, Desmazieres. 

 B. devastatrix, Libert ; Morren, Ann. de la 

 Soc. de VAg. de Gand, 1845, p. 287 ; Pero- 

 nospora trifurcata, Unger, Bot. Zeit. v. 314, 

 pi. 6. tigs. 1-6; W. Smith, M. M. J. 1875, 

 xiv. 110 (figs.). 



Botrytis Bassiana, Balsamo, is the fungus 

 growing in the bodies of silkworms, causing 

 the disease called Muscardine, which some- 

 times produces most extensive destruction 

 in the districts where they are cultivated. 

 A figure of it is given by Mr. Berkeley in 

 the paper on the Potato-fungus referred to 

 above. Many papers on it exist in the 

 ComptesRendus; and the whole history, with 

 figures, will be found in Robin's Vegetaux 

 Parasites, p. 560. 



Botrytis lateritia, Fr., not uncommon in 



the hollows of decaying potatoes, beet-root, 



&c., appears to be a form of Acrostalagmus 



parasitans, Corda. See ACROSTALAGMUS. 



The genus Botrytis, like many other 



genera, has been divided and subdivided 



till the genus itself has almost vanished. 



It is restricted in the ' Outlines of British 



Fungolo^y ' to those species which have 



septate, hyaline or coloured threads, with 



terminal spores, as B. Tilletii, citrina,Jonesii, 



and terrestris. Several of the so-called 



species are states of Ascomycetous Fungi. 



See Tulasne, Carpologia, vol. iii. 



BIBL. As given under the species. Fries, 



| BRACHION^EA. 



Summa Veget. p. 490; Berkeley, Crypt. Bot. 

 p. 307. 



BOUGAINVIL'LIA, Lesson. A genus 

 of marine Hydroid Zoophytes, family 

 Atractylidse. 



Char. Stem branched, rooted by a fili- 

 form stolon ; polypes fusiform ; a single 

 wreath of filiform tentacles around the base 

 of the conical proboscis. 3 British species. 

 BIBL. Hiacks, Hydr. Zooph. p. 108. 

 BOWERBAN'KIA, Farre. A genus of 

 Infundibulate Polyzoa (Bryozoa), of the 

 suborder Ctenostomata, and family Vesicu- 

 lariidae. 



Distinguished by the matted and creeping 

 or erect and irregularly branched polypidom 

 (polyzoarium), the tubular densely clus- 

 tered cells, the eight to ten tentacles, and 

 the strong gizzard. 



B. imbricata (PI. 18. fig. 19), the only 

 species, has the cells ovate or ovato -cylin- 

 drical, in dense clusters irregularly scattered 

 on the polypidom. 



Parasitic on other Polyzoa, Polypi, and 

 Algae. Polypidom in the young state creep- 

 ing and matted, and formerly regarded as a 

 distinct species (B. densd) ; in the adult 

 condition forming bushy confer void flaccid 

 tufts, an inch and a half high, much and 

 irregularly branched. Branches smooth, 

 transparent and hollow, cells aggregated on 

 one side. 



It forms a favourable object for the study 

 of the structure of the Polyzoa, on account 

 of its transparency. 

 Four other species. 



BIBL. Johnston, Br. Zooph. 377 ; Farre, 

 Phil. Tr. 1837, 391 ; Gosse, Mar. Zool. ii. 

 p. 21; Hincks, Polyzoa, 518; Repiachoff, 

 Zool Anz. ii. 1879, 660 (Jn. Mic. Soc. 1880, 

 iii. 238 : embryol.). 



BOX. The wood of the box-tree, Buxus 

 sempervirens, L. (Nat. Ord. Euphovbiaceae, 

 Dicotyledon), is remarkable for its hardness, 

 offering a great contrast to that of Bombax 

 and the like. See WOOD. 



BRACHION^E'A. A family of Rota- 

 toria. 



Char. A carapace (testula) present ; rota- 

 tory organs two, simple. 



The rotatory organ sometimes appears 

 to consist of five parts, three median and 

 two lateral. The two larger lateral ones 

 only are true rotatory organs, the cilia 

 of the median ones remaining extended 

 without motion during the action of the 

 others. The carapace resembles that of a 

 tortoise. 



