CALYCELLA. 



[ 129 ] 



CAMBIUM. 



BIBL. Hassall,^,243,pl.69.1; Fig. 95. 

 Kiitzing 1 , Tab. Phyc. cent. ii. pi. 29. 

 ii. ; Dillwyn, Br. Conferva (C. mi- 

 rabih'g), pL 9(3; Rabenhorst, Sp. Alg. 

 ii. 270 ; Bornet & Thuret, Notes 

 Algol 



CAL YCEL'LA, Hincks.-A ge- 

 nus of marine Zoophytes, of the 

 order Hydroida, and "family La- 

 foeidae. 



Char. Stem creeping, simple; or 

 erect, compound and branched ; 

 cells tubular, with an operculum 

 formed of convergent segments or 

 a plaited membrane ; polypes cy- 

 lindrical, with a conical proboscis. 



C. syringa = Campanularia syr. 

 Very common on sea-weeds, &c. 



sJ / , , Calothru 



C. fastl</iata. Tomasi- 



BlBL. Hincks,J9r/ Zoopk.-p.2Q5. niana. 



CALYMPERACE.E.-A tribe ^^ 

 ol Fottioid Mosses, containing one of a 

 British genus : M lame S 



Encalypta. Calyptra long, cylin- steams 

 drically bell-shaped, narrow above 

 on account of the clavellate operculum, 

 surpassing the capsule, firm, entire, torn or 



Fig. 96. 



Fig. 98. 



Fig. 96. Encalypta vulgaris. Peristome. 



Fig. 97. E. ciliata. Calyptra. 



Fig. 93. E. streptocarpa. Fragment of peristorae. 



ciliated below (fig. 97). Peristome absent, 



simple (fig. 90), or double (fig. 98). Ex- 

 ternal : sixteen lanceolate or long-subulate, 

 ciliiform teeth, mostly with a longitudinal 

 line, reddish, rugulose. Internal : a delicate 

 membrane adherent to the teeth, produced 

 into cilia opposite or alternating with the 

 teeth. 



CALYPOGE'IA, Raddi. A genus of 

 Jungermannieae (Hepaticae), founded on 

 Jungermannia Trichomanis, Dicks. The 

 leaves have a peculiar glaucous hue ; the 

 sporange is spirally twisted. Gemmae are 

 produced at the extremities of leafless pro- 

 longations of the stem. 



BIBL. Hooker, Brit. Jungerman. pi. 79; 

 Eng. Botany, 1728. 



C ALYPTOS 'TOM A, Cambridge. A ge- 

 nus of Acarina, fam. Trombidina. 



C. Hardii. Eeddish -yellow, punctate; 

 eyes 6, in 3 pairs, forming a triangle. 



Among moss ; Cheviot Hills. 



BIBL. Cambridge, Ann. N. Hist. 1875, 

 xvi. 384 (fig.); Murray, EC. Entom. 140. 



CAM'BIUM. The name applied to the 

 young cellular layers from which the woody 

 structures of plants are developed. When 

 sections are made near the growing points of 

 any stems, as in. terminal or axillary buds, 

 we find a quantity of extremely delicate, 

 slender, elongated cells, distinguished from 

 the generally rounded cells of the paren- 

 chyma, and forming rudimentary cords in 

 the situation of the future woody and vas- 

 cular bundles. In the Dicotyledons, they 

 stand in a circle, so as to separate the 

 pith from the young bark : the ring may 

 be seen in cross sections a little below the 

 growing-point. At the very apex of the 

 stem all the tissues merge into the delicate 

 universal generative tissue or meristem. In 

 the apex of Monocotyledonous stems, and 

 also those of Ferns and the higher Flower- 

 less plants, the cambium is found in delicate 

 cords imbedded in the nascent general pa- 

 renchyma, indicating, even in this early 

 condition, the position and arrangement of 

 the isolated fibrous and vascular bundles. 

 Sections of the outer region of the stem of 

 Dicotyledons demonstrate the existence of 

 a layer of cambium at the outer surface of 

 the youngest wood, which indeed passes 

 gradually into the cambium (figs. 792, 808). 

 This cambium is the tissue from which the 

 succeeding layers of wood are generated ; 

 and its position on the outside of the fibro- 

 vascular bundles gives these their indefinite 

 power of development. The cambium of 

 the Monocotyledonous bundles becomes in- 



