CARBOLIC ACID. 



134 ] 



CARPOMITRA, 



Distinguished by the expanded, leafy, 

 flexible, erect j)olypidoms ; and the cells 

 being arranged in many rows, on one side 

 only. 



C. papyrea (Flustra carbasea, Johnst.) 

 (PI. 41. tigs. 19, 20). Cells oblong, narrowed 

 and truncate below, convex, unarmed. Deep 

 waters. 



BIBL. Johnston, Br. Zooph. 345 ; Busk, 

 Mar. Polyzoa, 50 ; Hincks, Polyz. 123. 



CARBOLIC ACID or PHENOLE. This 

 substance is largely used as a germicide and 

 antiseptic, and is Very valuable in the pre- 

 servation of animal and vegetable structures. 

 The pure crystallized acid should be pro- 

 cured. See PKESERVATION. 



CARBONATE OF LIME. See LIME, 

 Carbonate of. 



CARBO'NIA, Jones. A genus of small 

 Cypridiform JEntomostraca, found in the 

 Carboniferous strata, and distinguished 

 chiefly by their peculiar muscle-spot. 



BIBL. T. R. Jones, Geol. Mag. iii. 218, 

 pi. 9, f. 4-10 ; Jones & Kirby, Ann. N. H. 

 1879, iv. 28. 



CARBONIC ACID. The presence of 

 this gaseous acid is usually determined by 

 the addition of another acid, as acetic or 

 muriatic, to the object under the microscope; 

 and if colourless and inodorous bubbles 

 escape, it is concluded, and in most cases 

 correctly, that carbonic acid is present. 



It must be borne in mind that if the object 

 be immersed in liquid, the gas may arise 

 either from this or the object ; for it is well 

 known that the escape of a gas from a liquid 

 charged with it is greatly facilitated by the 

 presence of a solid and especially a pointed 

 body, and that the gas escapes from the 

 liquid at its surface or point; thus the 

 false appearance is produced of the gas being 

 liberated from the body. Hence the import- 

 ance of washing the object before the addition 

 of the acid. 



When crystalline bodies of different forms 

 are present, these must be separated before 

 the addition of the acid; otherwise the bubbles 

 liberated from those of one kind, by escaping 

 at the surface of the others, may give rise to 

 the false conclusion that they were derived 

 from the latter. 



Recollection of the fact that carbonic acid 

 is readily absorbed by solution of potash, 

 would allow of the distinction of bubbles 

 of this acid from those of air. 



CARCHE'SIUM, Ehr. A genus of 

 Infusoria, belonging to the family Vorti- 

 cellina. 



Char. Pedicle branched, spirally flexible ; 

 bodies of the animals all alike ( = branched 

 Vorticellce}. 



C.polypinum (PI. 30. figs. 20, 21). Cam- 

 panulate, expanded in front ; cuticle smooth ; 

 nucleus recurved in a longitudinal plane ; 

 peduncle not jointed; length of bodies 

 1-580-1-430"; freshw. 



C. spectabik. Thimble-shaped, not ex- 

 panded ; cuticle finely striated ; nucleus re- 

 curved in a longitudinal plane, with several 

 sinuosities; peduncle not jointed ; freshw., 

 foetid. 



C. Epistylis. Body very narrow, smooth ; 

 nucleus curved in a transverse plane ; pe- 

 duncle distinctly jointed; freshw., in insect- 

 larvae. 



BIBL. Ehrenb. Inf. and Ber. d. Berl. Ak. 

 1840, 199 ; Dujardin, Inf. 551 ; Stein, Infus. 

 48, &c. ; Clap, and Lachm. Inf. 97; Kent, 

 Infusoria, 690. 



CA'RIS, Latreille. A doubtful genus of 

 Acarina. 



C. vespertilionis is found upon the bat 

 ( Vespertilio pipistrellus), supposed to be the 

 larva of Dermanyssm, or Argas. 



BIBL. Latreille, Gen. Crustac. fyc. i. 161 ; 

 Audouin, Ann. d. Sc. N. Zool. xxv. 412 ; 

 Walckenaer, Apteres (Gervais), 227. 



CARMINE. This beautiful pigment is 

 sometimes used to feed Infusoria and fill 

 their sacculi or gastric spaces (INFUSORIA). 



It is also used as a colouring-matter for 

 injections and for dyeing or staining tissues 

 (see STAINING). 



CAR'PAIS. See GAMASUS. 



CARPENTE'RIA, Gray. A genus of 

 Foraminifera allied to Globigerina, but 

 ceasing at an early age to grow spirally, and 

 then forming expanded tent-like chambers 

 which enclose the first-formed cells ; at- 

 tached by the base to shells or corals, and 

 with a crater-like common aperture at the 

 apex. Siliceous spicules occur in the cells. 



C. balaniformis. (PI. 51. fig. 28.) 



BIBL. Carpenter, Introd. For am. 186. 



CARPOGLY'PHUS, Robin, = Acarus 

 sp. (p. 5). 



CAR'POGON,the name applied by Sachs 

 to the fruit or sporocarp of his Class Car- 

 posporeas. See VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 



CARPOMI'TRA, Kiitz. A genus of 

 Sporochnacese (Fucoid Algae) containing 

 one rare British species, C. Cabrera, Clem., 

 remarkable for the peculiar mitre-shaped 

 conceptacle containing the spores. 



BIBL. Harvey, Marine Alg. pi. 5 B, 

 Phyc. Brit. pi. 14. 



