CLATHRULIXA. 



[ 181 j 



CLAVICEPS. 



cells about 1-8000" in diameter. The gela- 

 tinous masses expand by the multiplication 

 of the green cells in the peripheral stratum, 

 so that they become hollow sacs, the walls 

 of which burst at various points and" pro- 

 duce a clathrate structure. The processes 

 of the network ultimately break asunder 

 and commence a new development of the 

 same kind. 



BIBL. Henfrey, Mic. Trans, new ser. iv. 

 53, pi. 4. figs. 28-36; Currey, Mic. Jn. 

 vi. 215 ; Kiitz. Tab. Phyc. i. pi. 8 ; Duncan, 

 Jn. Mic. Soc. 1880, iii. 17. 



CLATHRULINA, Cien. A genus of 

 Ac tinophryina= a stalked Actinophrys con- 

 tained in a f enestrated globular or pyriform 

 carapace. The pseudopodia project through 

 the fenestrse. 



2 species or varieties. 



BIBL. Cienkowski, Archiv f. mik. Anat, 

 iii. p. 311 ; Qu. Mic. Jn. 1868, p. 31. 



CLATHRUS, Mich. A genus of Gaste- 

 romycetous Fungi, fam. Phalloidei. 



C. cancellatus, fig. 273. 



CLAVA, Gm. A genus of marine Hy- 

 droid Polypes, fam. Clayidse. 



6 British species j height | to 1-J-". 



C. multicornis. Rose-coloured, mouth 

 white ; 1|'' high. Common on stones be- 

 tween tide-marks. 



BIBL. Hincks, Brit. Zooph. p. 1. 



CLAVATELLA, Hincks. A genus of 

 Hydroid Polypes, fam. Clavatellidae. 



C. prolifera, British. 



BIBL. Hincks, Brit. Zooph. 70. 



CLAVATELL1ILE. A family of Hy- 

 droid Polypes. 1 genus, Clavatella. 



BIBL. Hincks, Brit. Zooph. 69. 



CLAVA'TI. A family of Hynaenomyce- 

 tous Fungi, characterized by bearing basi- 

 diospores covering the tip and sides of 

 branched or simple club-shaped or variously 

 cylindrical, compressed, or foliaceous re- 

 ceptacles. See BASIDIOSPOBES, HYMENO- 

 HYCETES. 



CLAVELI'NA, Sav. A genus of Tuni- 

 cate Mollusca, of the family Clavelim'dae, 

 under which head the characters are given. 



C. lepadiformis. Thorax a third of the 

 length of the body, lines yellow; lergth 

 ^ to f". On rocks and stones at low water. 



C. -producta. Thorax very short, as broad 

 as long, abdomen very long. 



C. pumilio. Nearly sessile and square. 



BIBL. That of the family. 



CLAVELI'NID^E. A family of Tuni- 

 cate Mollusca. 



Distinguished by the separate bodies 



arising from a common creeping root-like 

 fibre, and the mantle being united to the 

 test at the orifices only. 



These animals are very transparent, and 

 well calculated for the study of the internal 

 structure of the order. Genera : 



Clavelina. Bodies oblong, erect ; bran- 

 chial and anal orifices without rays j thorax 

 marked with coloured lines. 



Perophora. Bodies roundish, compressed ; 

 thorax not marked with coloured lines. 



BIBL. Forbes and Il^nlzy, Brit. Mollusca, 

 i. 25 ; Goose, Mar. Zool. i. 135 ; Lister, Phil. 

 Trans. 1834 ; M. -Edwards, Ascid. Comp. 



CLA'VIPES, Tulasne. A genus of 

 Sphaeriacei (Ascomycetous Fungi), con- 

 taining the plants which produce the ergot 

 of rye and other grasses. These plants have 

 recently been extricated from great confu- 

 sion by Tulasue, who appears to have placed 

 their history on a satisfactory basis. 



The first sign of the attack upon the 

 flower of a grass is the appearance of a 

 white mould, sometimes accompanied by a 

 honey-like secretion, consisting of minute 

 cells, somewhat after the fashion of the 

 yeast-plant; a swelling (sphacelid) then 

 takes place upon the outside of the nascent 

 pistil, which extends to the outer part of 

 the substance of the wall of the ovary, 

 growing with this until it forms a fungoid 

 mass of the same shape as an ovary, but 

 obliterating the cavity of the latter. At 

 this time it is soft, white, grooved on the 

 surface, and excavated by irregular cavities, 

 which are connected with the external folds 

 or grooves ; the surfaces of these are all 

 covered with parallel linear cells, like an hy- 

 rnenium ; and from the extremities of these 

 arise elongated ellipsoid or oval cells, about 

 1-5000' ' in length. These become detached, 

 and, when they are placed in water, germi- 

 nate and emit "filaments. These bodies are 

 spermatia, stylospores, or perhaps conidia : 

 they exhibit no motion in water, although 

 they resemble the spermatia of some other 

 fungi. At this time Tulasne calls the struc- 

 ture a spermogonium. At a certain epoch a 

 viscid fluid exudes from the sphacelia, flow- 

 ing over it and carrying about multitudes 

 of the spermatia or stylospores (PL 26. tig. 

 17) ; but previously to this, a solid body, of 

 a violet colour on the surface and white 

 within, has originated at the base of the 

 spermogonium, and it gradually grows and 

 rises out of the paleae of the flowers, form- 

 ing the spur or ergot. This is not a meta- 

 morphosed seed, resulting from diseased 



