CLAVID.E. 



[ 182 ] 



CLIMACONEIS. 



conditions, but a real new fungoid structure, 

 the Sclerotium of DC. and others. When 

 this ergot is sown in the earth like a seed, 

 it produces a number of little pedicles sur- 

 mounted by thickened heads, repesenting 

 stalked Sphcerice (PI. 26. fig. 18) ; and on 

 these heads are ultimately found fine points, 

 which indicate the ostioles of little concep- 

 tacles (fig. 19). The walls of these concep- 

 tacles are lined with asci of elongate clavate 

 form (figs. 20, 21), with linear, slightly 

 clavate paraphyses. These bodies are the 

 Sphceria purpurea of Fries, System. Myc. 



Our space does not admit of further de- 

 tails ; but it must be noted that very varied 

 opinions have hitherto prevailed as to the 

 nature of Ergot. Smith and E. Quekett, 

 as also Leveille', Phoebus, Mougeot, and 

 F5e, regarded the ergot as a mere diseased 

 form of the seed, associated with a parasitic 

 Fungus (Sphacelia, Le>., Fe"e ; JErgotcetia, 

 Quekett). 



The sphacelia is often accompanied by a 

 Mucedinous fungus, which is certainly not 

 the result of germination of the stylospores 

 as might be imagined, but a distinct plant. 



Tulasne describes three species : 



C. purpurea, Tul. (PI. 26. figs. 18-22). 

 The ergot of grasses = Sphceria entomor- 

 rhiza, Schum. ; Sphceria (Cordyceps) pur- 

 purea, Fries ; Kentrosporium mitratum, 

 Wallr. ; Sphceropus fungorum, Guibourt : 

 Cordyliceps purpurea, Tulasne. On the 

 flowers of Grasses, such as rye, wheat, oats, 

 and numerous pasture grasses. 



C. microcephala, Tul. Kentrosporium 

 microcephalum Wallr. ; Sphceria microce- 

 phala, Wallr. ; Sphceria acus, Trog. ; Cordy- 

 ceps purpurea, var. acus, Desm. On Phrag- 

 mites communis and Molinia ccerulea. 



C. nigricans, Tul. On species of Scirpus. 



BIBL. Tulasne, Ann. des Sc. Nat. 3 ser. 

 xx. 5-43, pis. 1-4, where all the previous 

 literature is reviewed ; Quekett, Linn. Tr. 

 1839; Cesati,.B0*. Zeit. 1855, 74; Currey, 

 Qn. Mic. Jn. 132; Bonorden, Sot. Zeit. 

 1858, 97 ; Lindley, Veg. Kingd. j Kiihn, 

 Mitt, landw. Inst Halle, i. 1863 ; Sachs, 

 Sot. 381. 



CLA'VnLE. A family of Hydroid 

 Polypes. 



Char. Polypes claviform or fusiform, with 

 scattered tentacula. Genera : 



Polypes stalked. 



Stem simple Tubiclava. 



Stem much branched Cordylophora. 



Polypes sessile. 



Tentacles few Turris. 



Tentacles very numerous ... Clava.' 



BIBL. Hincks, Hydr. Zooph. p. 1. 



CLAVULA'RIA, Grev. A genus of 

 Diatomaceae. 



Char. Frustules free, linear, with nu- 

 merous transverse pseudo-dissepiments, in- 

 terrupted by a central smooth external 

 plate. Valves with a central inflation, and 

 a longitudinal row of short subcapitate 

 processes. 



C. barbadensis (PI. 51. fig. 33). In Bar- 

 badoes deposit. 



BIBL. Greville, Micr. Trans. 1865, p. 24. 



CLAVULI'NA, D'Orb. A modified 

 Valvulina, in which the triserial arrange- 

 ment of the chambers (three in one whorl 

 of the spire) has passed into a uniserial or 

 linear row, making altogether a claviform 

 shell. 



The long dimorphous Textularice, having 

 a similar shape, have been recorded as Cla- 

 vulince ; but the absence of the septal valve 

 distinguishes them. 



C. parisiensis (PI. 23. fig. 51.) is a neat 

 form, with a marked distinction of triserial 

 and uniserial growth. These long dimor- 

 phous Valvulince are common in some 

 Tertiary deposits, and in the Indian and 

 Australian seas. 



BIBL. Parker and Jones, Ann. N. H. 

 ser. 3, v. 467-469; Carpenter, For. 147. 

 193. 



CLEISTOCAR'PI, (Closed-fruited, f. e. 

 inoperculate). An artiticial division of the 

 Mosses. 



In this group, the capsule bursts irregu- 

 larly. It contains the families Bruchiaceae, 

 Phascaceae, and Ephemereae. 



See MOSSES. 



CLETO'DES, Brady. A genus of Cope- 

 poda (Entomostraca). 4 species. In dredg- 

 ings on the north British coasts. 



BIBL. Brady, Copepoda (Ray Soc.). 



CLIMAC AM'MINA, Brady. An arena- 

 ceous, coarse Textularian Foraminifer, of 

 bigenerine growth ; with labyrinthic struc- 

 ture inside the chambers, and cribriform 

 aperture. Fossil in the Mountain-limestone 

 of Britain and Russia ; not rare. 



BIBL. H. B. Brady, Monog. Carb. Foram., 

 Pal Soc. 1876, 67. 



CLIMA'CIUM, W. and Mohr. A genus 

 of Mosses, synonymous with Hypnum (den- 

 droides). 



BIBL. Wilson, Bryol.Brit. p. 325 ; Berke- 

 ley, Srit. Moss. p. 140. 



CLIMACONE'IS, Grun. A genus of 

 Diatomaceaa. 



Char. Frustules bacillar, free (?), with 



