COPPINIA. 



[ 208 ] 



CORALLIUM. 



digesting copper turnings in an open bottle, 

 with Liq. Amm. (P. B.) ; it must be used 

 fresh. Its action is well displayed when it 

 is brought into contact with cotton-wool. 



COPPl'NIA, Hass. A genus of Coppi- 

 niidae (Hydroid Zoophytes). 



Char. Cells long, crowded, united by a 

 cellular mass at their bases ; ova developed 

 in the cavities of the cellular mass. 



C. arcta. Incrusting the stems of other 

 zoophytes, common ; greenish yellow. 



EIBL. Hassall, Mw?. TV.iii. 160; Hincks, 

 Brit. Zooph. 219. 



CO'RA,Fr. A tropical genus of Lichens, 

 approaching Coccocarpia. 



1 species : C. pavonia. 



BIBL. Fries, Syst. Orb. Veg. 300; Nyl. 

 Ann. Sc. Nat. 1865, iii. 151. 



CORAL. A term applied in general to 

 the calcareous polypiaom or skeleton of 

 Polypes or Zoophytes, and in particular to 

 that of CORALLIUM. 



CORAL'LINA, Linn. A genus of Co- 

 rallinacese (Florideous Algae), of stony cha- 

 racter, looking like corals. The common 

 C. offidnalis grows everywhere between 

 tide-marks, on rocks, &c. ; and presents a 



Fig. 140. 



Fig. 141. 



Corallina officinalis. 



Fig. 140. A branch of the frond. Natural size. 



Fig. 141. A section of the end of a branch terminating 

 in a ceramidium, containing tetraspores. Magnified 10 

 diameters. 



branched, mostly pinnate tuft of articulated 

 filaments evenly coated with carbonate of 

 lime. The tetraspores are borne in tufts in 

 ceramidia (tig. 141), usually at the apices 

 of the branches (being the last joints trans- 

 formed) ; or they occur laterally (fig. 140), 

 sometimes in pairs and sometimes irregu- 

 larly over the whole frond ; opening by a 

 small terminal pore (fig. 141). 



The structure may be examined in these 

 plants, by keeping them for some time in 

 vinegar or dilute muriatic acid ; which will 

 remove the lime, and allow of the substance 

 being sliced in the same way as other Algae. 

 BIBL. Harvey, Mar. Alg. pi. 13 C ; Phyc. 

 Brit. pi. 222 ; Decaisne, Ann. Sc. Nat. 

 2 se*r. xvii. pi. 17. fig. 1, xviii. p. 119; 

 Solms-Laubach, Corall.-Algen Golf Neapcl, 

 1881. 



m CORALLINA'CE^E. A family of Flo- 

 rideae. Rigid, articulated, or crustaceous, 

 mostly calcareous sea- weeds, purple when 

 fresh, fading, on exposure, to milk-white ; 

 composed of closely-packed elongated cells 

 or filaments, in whicn carbonate of lime is 

 deposited in an organized form. Tetraspores 

 tufted, contained in ovate or spherical con- 

 ceptacles (ceramidia, Harvey), furnished with 

 a terminal pore. British genera : 



* Frond filiform, articulated (Corallineae). 



Corallina. Frond pinnated. Ceranridia 

 terminal, simple. 



Jania. Frond dichotomous. Ceramidia 

 tipped with two horn-like ramuli. 



* Frond crustaceous or foliaceous, opaque, 

 not articulated (Nulliporae). 



Melobesia. Frond stony, forming either 

 a crustaceous expansion, or a foliaceous or 

 a shrub-like body. 



Hildebrandtia. Frond cartilaginous, not 

 stony, forming a crustaceous expansion. 



*** Frond plane, hyaline, composed of cells 

 radiating from a centre. Fructification 

 unknown (Lithocystese). 



Lithocystis (a minute parasite). 



CORALLINES. The Corallinacese, a 

 family of Algae, were formerly imagined to 

 be of animal nature, and were classed among 

 the Zoophytes. On the other hand, Ellis 

 applied the term Coralline more extensively, 

 including under it Polyzoa (Bryozoa), and 

 Sertularian and similar Zoophjtes (Polypes); 

 the name is still often vulgarly used in this 

 sense. The term should properly be re- 

 stricted to the family to which the genus 

 Corallina gives the name. 



CORAL'LIUM, Lam. A genus of 

 Zoophytes, of the order Actinozoa. 



The red coral of commerce is the inter- 

 nal skeleton of Corallium rubrum, Lam. 

 (Isis nobilis, Lin.) (PL 41. fig. 6 c). A por- 

 tion of the dried animal matter is usually 



