CUSCUTA. 



[ 222 ] 



CYATHE.E. 



Indian arrowroots. The grains of an un- 

 known Curcuma imported under that name 

 are represented in fig. 19 of Plate 46. 



CUS'CUTA, Tournefort. A curious ge- 

 nus of Convolvulaceae (Dicotyledons), con- 

 sisting of parasitical, leafless plants, annual 

 or perennial, nourished by short radical 

 processes, which they usually send into the 

 interior of the stems of the plants upon 

 which they live, although they sometimes 

 affix themselves to leaves also ( C. Epithy- 

 mum). C. Epilinum, which grows in cul- 

 tivated fields of flax, and C. Trifolii, para- 

 sitical on clover, twine round the stems like 

 a fine red string, and produce root-pro- 

 cesses in rows on the side next the nurse- 

 plant, never 011 the free side. Careful 

 sections show that the woody structure of 

 the roots of the parasite penetrates the cam- 

 bium (or even the pith) of the nurse-plant, 

 and becomes completely grafted on it. In 

 the perennial kinds (C. verrucosd), the roots 

 become imbedded in the annual rings. The 

 embryo of Cuscuta is curious, being filiform, 

 and coiled up like a watch-spring in the seed. 



BIBL. Wheeler, Phytologist, i. 753; 

 Brandt, Linncea, xxii. 81 ; Schacht, Beit. 

 z. An. und Phys. 1854, 167 j Uloth, Flora, 

 1860, 265. 



CUSPIDEL'LA, Hincks. A genus of 

 Hydroid Polypi ; family Lafoeidae. 



C. humilis. Wales, Shetland, Northum- 

 berland. 



BIBL. Hincks, Brit. Zooph. 209. 



CUTICLE OF ANIMALS. See SKIN. 



CUTICLE OF PLANTS. See EPIDER- 



MIS. 

 CUTLE'RIA. A 



genus of Cutleriaceae 

 (Fucoid Algae), re- 

 presented in Britain 

 by C. multifida, which 

 has a " rooting," fan- 

 shaped, irregularly 

 laciniated frond from 

 2 to 8" long, the laci- 

 nise riband-like, be- 

 tween cartilaginous 

 and membranous, 

 olive, with scattered 

 sori, bearing on some 

 plants(which have an 

 orange tint) antheri- 

 dia, and on others oo- 

 sporanges (fig. 148). 



The oosporanges 

 (fig. 148) occur at 

 the bases of tufted 



Fig. 148. 



Cutleria dichotoma. 



Fragment of a frond. 



Nat. size. 



hairs, and are oblong stalked bodies, divided 

 by perpendicular and transverse septa into 

 (usually) 8 chambers, each of which gives 

 birth to a zoospore capable of germination. 

 The antheridia occur in an analogous con- 

 dition on distinct plants ; they are more 

 sausage-shaped, and divided into a greater 

 number of minute chambers, from which 

 the spermatozoids or antherozoids are ex- 

 pelled when mature ; these have never been 

 seen to germinate. 



BIBL. Harvey, Mar. Alg. 36, pi. 6. A ; 

 Phyc. Brit. pi. 75; Greville, Brit. Alg. 

 pi. 10; Thuret, Ann. Sc. Nat. 3 se"r. xiv. 

 241, pi. 31, xvi. 12, pi. 1 j Kiitzing, Phyc. 

 gen.^l. 25. fig. 2. 



Fig. 149. 



Cutleria dichotoma. 



Section of a lacinia of a frond, showing the Btalked 

 eight-chambered oosporanges growing in tufts with 

 intercalated hairs. Magnified 50 diameters. 



CUTLERIA 'CE^E. A family of Fucoid 

 Algae. See CUTLERIA. 



CUTTLE-FISH. See SEPIA. 



CYATHE'^E. A family of Polypodia- 

 ceous Ferns, distinguished by the dorsal 

 globose sori, often at or near the forking of 

 a vein, and the insertion of the sporanges 

 on a projecting axis, the annulus of the 

 sporanges being vertical (fig. 151) ; indu- 

 sium (except in Alsophild) enclosing the 

 sori. 



