CYLINDROTHECIUM. [ 227 ] 



CYNIPID.E. 



ends ; dried frustules fusiform, acuminate ; 

 length 1-90". Common in pools and ditches 

 (Germany). 



BIBL. Rabenhorst, Flor. Alg. i. p. 145. 



CYLINDROTHE'CIUM, Br. and Sch. 



BIBL. Wilson, Bryol. Brit. p. 326. 



C YMATONE'MA, Kutz. = undulate- 

 constricted CEdogonia. (Rabenhorst, Fl. 

 Alg. iii. 351.) 



CYMATOPLEU'RA, Sm. A genus of 

 Diatomaceae. This genus was founded by 

 Hassall as Sphinctocystis, and should be re- 

 tained (see the laws of nomenclature, in the 

 Ann. N. H. 1843, ii. 259); but Smith's 

 excellent Monograph has caused his term to 

 be generally adopted. 



Char. Frustules free, single ; in front 

 view linear, with undulate margins ; valves 

 oblong or elliptical, sometimes constricted 

 in the middle. Freshwater. 



Valves with coarse, transverse or nearly 

 so, rounded elevations appearing as dark 

 bands ; an interrupted median line ; coarse 

 marginal dots, and transverse striae ; but 

 neither alae nor nodules. 



Several British species. 



8. solea (PI. 16. tig. 23). Valves linear- 

 elliptic, narrowed on each side towards the 

 middle ; transverse striae evident ; extreme 

 length 1-216". Undulations six ; common. 



]3. Much shorter ; undulations fewer, 

 ends apiculate. 



S. elliptica (PI. 16. tig. 24). Valves 

 broadly elliptic, or elliptic-oblong; striae 

 obscure ; undulations four or five ; length 

 1-280" ; common. 



S. hibernica. Valves broadly elliptic, 

 acuminate; undulations three; length 1- 

 25'0'. 



BIBL. Hassall, Alga, 436; Smith, Br. 

 Diat. i. 36 ; Rabenhorst, Fl. Alg. i. 60. 



CYMATOSIRA, Grim. A genus of 

 Diatomaceae. 



Char. Frustules united into bands; un- 

 dulate in front view ; valves lanceolate, 

 distinctly punctate ; no median line. 



C. Lorenziana (PI. 51. fig. 35). Valves 

 broadly lanceolate, very convex ; ends pro- 

 duced. At the bottom of the Adriatic. 



BIBL. Rabenhorst, Flor. Alg. i. p. 124. 



CYMBALO TOR A, Hagenow. One of 

 the Foraminifera Globigerinida, in which 

 the spiral is merged in a cyclical growth at 

 an early stage, the shell increasing by rings 

 of sac-like chambers, which open into the 

 hollow base of the trochoid shell. C. Poeyi 

 (D'Orb.) (PL 24. f. 17) is the type. 



Cymbalopora is rare in the Upper Chalk, 

 and some Tertiary strata ; more common in 

 the tropical seas. 



BIBL. Carpenter, For am. 215. 



CYMBEL'LA, Ag. A genus of Diato- 

 maceae. 



Char. Frustules solitary, free ; valves 

 cymbiform, unsymmetrical, with a subcen- 

 tral and two terminal nodules, a submedian 

 longitudinal line, and transverse or slightly 

 radiating striae. Freshwater and fossil. 



Frustules sometimes immersed in an 

 amorphous gelatinous mass. 



C.Ehrenbergii { K. (PI. 51. fig. 2: a, front 

 view ; 6, side view). Broadly lanceolate, 

 apices slightly produced, somewhat obtuse ; 

 stria3 distinct (resolvable into dots) ; length 

 1-200". (Fossil in San Fiore deposit.) 



Several British species, and more fo- 

 reign, differing from each other by slight 

 characters. 



Rabenhorst describes 31 European spe- 

 cies, with numerous varieties. 



BIBL. Smith, Brit. Diat. 17; Kiitzing, 

 Bacill. 79, and Sp. Alg. 57. 



CYMBOSIRA, Kutz. A genus of Dia- 

 tomaceae. 



Char. Frustules resembling those ofAch- 

 nanthes ; solitary or binate, stipitate, attached 

 end to end, and thus concatenate. Marine. 



C. Agardhii (PL 19. fig. 18). Frustules 

 linear, slightly arcuate, finely striated, 

 rounded at ends ; valves oblong- linear, 

 slightly dilated in the middle, apices ob- 

 tusely rounded. Length 1-960 to 1-280". 



C. minutula, Grun. 



BIBL. Kiitzing, Bacill. 77, and S%). Alg. 

 57 ; Grunow, Wien. Verh. 1863. 



CYNIP'ID^E, GALL-FLIES. A family 

 of Insects, belonging to the Entomophagous 

 section of the order Hymenoptera. 



Char. Head small, transverse; antennae 

 inserted in the middle of the face, of mo- 

 derate length, slender, not geniculated, 

 composed of twelve to fifteen j oints ; maxil- 

 lary palpi of four or five, labial of two or 

 three joints ; thorax oval, gibbous, with the 

 mesothorax large, and the scutellum very 

 prominent ; wings transparent, with few 

 veins, the anterior usually with three or 

 four cells, and the posterior with a single 

 vein ; abdomen short, much compressed, 

 with a short peduncle, its basal segment very 

 large, the rest small, forming narrow rings. 



In the females of these insects, which are 

 all of small and some of minute size, the 

 last segment of the abdomen, which occupies 

 a considerable portion of its lower surface, 



