INSECTS. 



C 437 ] 



INSECTS. 



the elongated maxilla) ; metamorphosis 

 complete (fig. 305). 



Fig. 3C5. 



Danais Plexippe. 

 Nat. size. 



Ord. 6. Ili/menoptera (Bees, Wasps, &c.). 

 Wings four, membranous, posterior ones 

 smaller, and with fewer veins ; maxillae 

 elongate, generally slender, sheathing the 



Fig. 360. 



Tenthredo nassata. 

 Magnified 2 diameters. 



labium ; abdomen of the females almost 

 always terminated by an ovipositor or a 

 sting; metamorphosis complete (fig. 306). 



Ord. 7. Diptera (Flies). Wings two, with 

 alulets at the base ; two halteres ; mouth 

 suctorial; labium not furnished with palpi, 

 prolonged into a proboscis or sheath, and 

 enclosing setre variable in number ; maxil- 

 lary palpi two, at the base of the pro- 

 boscis ; metamorphosis complete. 



Ord. S. Htrtp*ij)iera or RJiipiptera. Males 

 with four wings ; anterior wings two small 

 moveable corpuscles; posterior wings 

 large, membranous, in the form of a qua- 



drant of a circle, longitudinally folded like 

 a fan. Females apterous, vermiform, 

 without legs. Metamorphosis complica- 

 ted ; mandibles two, narrow, somewhat 

 curved ; palpi two, biarticulate, far apart, 

 inserted beneath the head (laryse, pupoe, 

 and females living parasitically in Ilyme- 

 nopterous insects). 



OnL i). Suctoria or Siphonaptera (Fleas). 

 Wingless ; metamorphosis complete ; 

 mouth suctorial ; rostrum composed of two 

 serrated laminn and a thin suctorial seta, 

 included in a jointed two-valved sheath. 

 Ord. 10. Anoplura or Pamsitica (Lice, PI. 

 35. figs. 3-8). Wings absent ; not under- 

 going metamorphosis ; parasitic (eyes two, 

 simple, sometimes none). 

 Ord. 11. Thysanura. Wings absent ; not 

 undergoing metamorphosis ; not parasitic j 

 mouth furnished with mandibles and 

 maxilhe; eyes simple, in two groups; 

 abdomen mostly terminated by setae or a 

 bitid tail. 



BIBL. Newport, Todd's Cycl. An. and 

 Phys. art. Insects ; Kirby and Spence, Intr. 

 Entom. ; Burmeister, JtSntom, ; Newman, 

 Insects] Siebold, Vergl. Anat.; Straus- 

 Durckheirn, Cows. gdn. s. VAnat. d. Anim. 

 articul. ; Westwood, Introd. ; id. Butterflies 

 of Great Britain ; Stephens, Brit. Beetles, 

 and Br. Entom. ; Spry and Shuckard, Br. 

 Coleopt. ; Kirby, Mon. Apum ; Curtis, Br. 

 Entom. ; Panzer, Deutsch. Insekt. ; Walker, 

 Insecta Brit. ; Fabre, Ann. Sc. Nat. se'r. 4. 

 vii. ; Ganin, Zeitschr. iviss. Zool. 1809 j 

 Kowalevsky, M6m. VAcad. St. P&ersb. xvi. 

 1871 ; Douglas and Scott, Hemip. Heter., 

 Ray Soc. ; Schultze, Q. M. Jn. 1808 ; Lan- 

 dois, Sclmltze's Archiv, 1807 ; Lyonet, Ann. 

 Sc. Nat. se'r. 2. t. v. ; Ratzeburg, JForst- 

 Insekt. 1844; Lacaze-Duthiers, Ann. Sc. 

 Nat. s6r. 3. t. xix. ; Gerstaecker, Klass. und 

 Ordnung. ; Weismann, Dipter. ; Herold, 

 Schmetterl. ; Metschnikow, Zeit. wiss. Zool. 

 B. xvi. ; Leydig, Hist. ; Gegenbauer, Vergl. 

 Anat. 1878; Scudder, Tr. Smith. Inst.; 

 Hicks, J. Linn. Soc. i. ISO; id. Linn. Tr. 

 xxii. 141, xxiii. 189; T. West, Linn. Tr. 

 xxii. 393 ; Hepworth, Q. Mic. Jn. ii. 158 ; 

 Packard, Mem. Acad. (Pcabody) Entomol. ; 

 Charpentier, Orthopt. ; Fischer, OrtJiopt. 

 Europ. ; WoliF, Riechorg. Biene fyc. 1875 j 

 Watney, Jn. M. Soc. 1877, xvii. 213 ; Frey, 

 Lepidopt. Schweiz, 1880 ; Kb'ppen, Injurious 

 Insects, Russia, 1880 ; Brehm, Insect. 1881, 

 1500 figs. ; Newman, Br. Moths and But- 

 terfl. ; Wilson, Larva of Br. Lepid., figs, j 

 Lowne, Phil. Tr. 1878, 577, eyes; Minot, 



