JUNIPERUS. 



Fig. 380. 



[ 446 ] 



Jungermannia albicans. 



Stem with succubous leaves and amphigaatria, and a 

 lateral unopened perigone. 



Magnified 10 diameters. 



1. Leaves incubous (their bases covered by 



the tips of those below). 



* Leaves complicate; two-lobed. 



t Amphigastria present: Lejeunia, 



Phragmicoma, Fruttania, Madotheca, 



Ptilidium. 



tt Amphigastria absent. Radula. 

 ** Leaves not complicate, two-lobed. 

 f Amphigastria present : Trochocolea, 



Sendtnera, Schisma, Herpetium, Caly- 



pogeia. 

 tt Amphigastria wanting. Physiotium. 



2. Leaves succubous (the bases covering 



the tips of those below). 



* Amphigastria present: Saccogyna, 

 Cheiloscyphus, Lophocolea, Sphagnocw- 

 tis, Jungermannia, Allieularia. 



** Amphigastria absent: Playiochila, 

 Sarcoscyphus, Gymnomitrium, Haplomi- 

 trium. See the genera. 



JUNIP'ERUS, L. A genus of CONI- 

 FERS, presenting some interesting charac- 

 ters in the WOOD, the POLLEN, and the 

 development of the OVULES. 



JUTE. The liber of Corchorus capsularis, 

 Willdenow, an East-Indian plant belonging 

 to the family of the Tiliaceae, so many of 

 which furnish fibrous substances, such as 

 the bast used for matting, which is the liber 

 of, the lime-tree. Jute has a very long, 

 glossy fibre, and is very largely imported 

 into this country. PI. 28. fig. 3 represents 

 the single liber-fibres (see FIBROUS STRUC- 

 TURES and LIBER). 



BIBL. Hooker, Jn. Bot. i. 25, 1849. 



KIDNEY. 

 K. 



KALLYME'NIA, J. Ag. A genus of 

 Cryptonemiaceee (Florideous Algae), fleshy 

 membranous sea-weeds of red colour, with 

 ribless leaf-like fronds, having three strata 

 of cellular tissue the central filamentous, 

 the intermediate of large round cells, the 

 cortical of minute cells in vertical rows. 

 Fructification : spherical masses (favellidid) 

 of spores half immersed in the frond, and 

 tetraspores, which are tetrahedrally subdi- 

 vided, and occur scattered. The two British 

 species, K. reniformis and Dubyi, are both 

 rather rare. 



BIBL. Harvey, Mar. Alg. 150, pi. 19 B ; 

 Phyc. Brit. pi. 13. 123 ; Engl Bot. pi. 2116. 



KAULFUSSIA, Blume.- Fi 3gl 

 A genus of Marattiaceous 

 Ferns, with curious roundish 

 sori, formed of radiately co- 

 herent sporanges, opening by 

 a slit at the top (fig. 381). 

 1 spec., Assam (Hooker, Syn. A sorus. 



444) . Magn.25 diams. 



KERO'NA, Miill., Ehr. A genus of In- 

 fusoria, of the family Oxytrichina. 



Char. Body covered with cilia, hooks also 

 present, but no styles. 



K. polyporum, = Stylonichia polyporum 

 (PI. 50. fig. 13). Body whitish, depressed, 

 elliptico-reniform, with a row of longer cilia 

 in front below the mouth ; length 1-144". 

 Parasitic upon Hydra. 



BIBL. Ehr. Inf. 368; Duj. Inf. 422; 

 Claparede et Lachm. In/us. 69, 161. 



KERO'NIA. A family of Infusoria 

 (Duj.), nearly corresponding to the Oxy- 

 trichina of Ehr. 



Dujardin's family comprises Halteria, 

 Oxytricha, and Kerona. 



KIDNEY. The kidney consists of its 

 enveloping membrane and the secreting 

 parenchyma. 



The membrane is a firm fibrous coat, 

 called the capsule. It is composed of con- 

 densed connective tissue, and is continuous 

 with that constituting the matrix of the 

 kidney, in the meshes of which are the 

 uriniferous tubes and blood-vessels. At 

 the notch of the kidney, or the hilum, this 

 fibrous capsule is continuous with the outer 

 coat of the pelvis of the kidney, and also 

 with the sheaths of the blood-vessels. 



The parenchyma, in a transverse section, 

 appears to the naked eye to consist of two 

 parts the inner or medullary substance, and 

 the outer or cortical. The medullary sub- 

 stance is composed of 8-15 isolated conical 



