MICROZYMES. 



[ 504 ] 



MILLON'S TEST. 



transverse line of division; entire length 

 1-216". 



BIBL. Ehr. Infus. 164. 



MI'CROZYMES, Bechamp. The term 

 applied to the minute particles or organisms 

 producing fermentations, especially the 

 pathogenous. Most of these bodies are 

 considered to be forms or spores of Schizo- 

 mycetes, referable to the genera Bacterium, 

 Bacillus, and Micrococcus. Being very 

 minute, they are with difficulty separated 

 from the other constituents of the liquids 

 in which they occur; and the process 

 adopted by Chauveau and Sanderson to 

 isolate and prove the action of the vaccine 

 microzymes may be pointed out. The 

 vaccine matter was placed in a very small 

 test-tube, a little water gently addea. The 

 layer of leucocytes which subside first, was 

 separated, and on vaccination found to be 

 inactive. The remaining- liquid was allowed 

 to stand, when the soluble albuminous con- 

 stituents diffused into the water, but the 

 solution was innocuous ; the zymome-layer 

 was however found to be active. 



BIBL. Bechamp, Comp. rend. 1868, Qu. 

 Mic. Jn. 1868, 274 ; Sanderson, Privy Coun- 

 cil Rep. 1869, 232; Hallier, Phytopathol. 

 1868; Roberts, Q. M. Jn. 1877, xvii. 307; 

 Klein, Qu. Mic. Jn. 1878, xviii. 170. 



MIELICHHOFE'RIA, Hornsch. A ge- 

 nus of Bryaceous Mosses, containing one 

 British species, M.nitida. sometimes referred 

 to Weissia (fig. 81, p. 121). 



MILI'OLA, Lamarck. An extensive ge- 

 nus of Imperforate (Porcellaneous) Fora- 

 minifera, in which the chambers grow alter- 

 nately on two or more sides of the long 

 axis of the suboval shell : if on two sides, 

 they form Biloculina(B. ringens, PI. 23. fig. 3) 

 and Spiroloculina (Sp.planulata, PI. 23. f . 7), 

 many and thin in the latter, few and thick 

 in the former ; if on three sides, they form 

 Triloculina (Tr. trigonula, PI. 23. fig. 4). Ir- 

 regular development of the edges of the 

 chambers gives rise to the many Quinque- 

 loculine varieties (Quinqueloculina seminu- 

 Inm, PL 23. fig. 6; Q. Brongniartii, fig. 6) 

 from three to eight chambers being visible 

 on one side, and from two to six on the 

 other. Uniloculina ( U. indica, PI. 23. fig. 2) 

 is possibly a young or arrested Miliola. 

 Cruciloculina has a cross-slit opening, whilst 

 the others have usually a crescentic aper- 

 ture, owing to the presence of a tongue 

 (homologue of the septum) ; but it may be 

 round and produced. 



In its young or Adelosine stage, Miliola 



differs from Cornuspira by its segmental 

 stricture. See M. obesa junior, Sclmltzo, 

 PI. 23. fig. 1. HATJERINA and FABULAKIA 

 are closely allied genera. 



Fossil in ah 1 formations from the Trias 

 upwards ; and common in existing- seas, 

 chiefly in shallow water (M. seminulum, 

 PI. 23. fig. 5). 



BIBL. Williamson, Rec.For. 78; Schultze, 

 Org. Polyth. 57; Parker, Tr. Mic. Soc. 

 n. s. vi. 53; Parker & Jones, Ann. N. 

 H. 2, xix. 299; Carpenter, Introd. For. 

 74. 



MILK. This liquid consists of a solu- 

 tion of caseine and certain salts, holding in 

 suspension minute globules of fatty matter 

 (butter). 



The fluid portion possesses no microscopic 

 peculiarities. The globules are very nume- 

 rous, round, and vary in size from mere 

 molecules to 1-3000 or 1-2000" in diameter. 

 Each is surrounded by a pellicle or coat of 

 caseine, which prevents the globules from 

 fusing into each other. If a portion of a 

 drop of milk be placed upon a slide, and the 

 thin glass cover be moved to and fro, the 

 coat of caseine will be ruptured, the globules 

 of oil will become confluent, and shreds of 

 the coats will be visible. If acetic acid be 

 added, the coats will be acted upon, and the 

 confluence also produced. The same effect 

 occurs naturally in sour milk ; hence in this 

 the globules are often much larger than the 

 above dimensions, and irregular in form, 

 frequently becoming elongated and united 

 in twos, so as to bear some resemblance to 

 the young state of a fungus. 



The milk first secreted after parturition, 

 called the colostrum, differs considerably 

 from the normal liquid. The fatty globules 

 contained in it vary greatly in size, often 

 being very large, and existing within iso- 

 lated or aggregated epithelial cells, some of 

 them resembling exudation-corpuscles. 



Peddie's paper on the human milk in 

 relation to medical practice, is well worthy 

 of perusal. 



BIBL. Kolliker, Mik. An. ii. ; Donne, 

 Cours de Micros. ; Wagner, Hand. d. Phy- 

 siol. art. Milch ; Peddie, Ed. Mn. Jn. 1840, 

 and CHEMISTRY. 



MILK- VESSELS. See LATICIFEROTJS 



TISSUE. 



MILLON'S TEST, or TEST-LIQUID. 

 This is a strongly acid (nitric and nitrous) 

 solution of proto- and pernitrate of mercury, 

 made by dissolving metallic mercury in its 

 weight of strong nitric acid, with the aid of 



