MONOGRAMMA. 



[ 509 ] 



MONSTRILLA. 



but these possess the character of the class 

 in all other respects. Among the most im- 

 portant of their other characters is the iso- 

 lated condition of the fibre-vascular bundles 

 forming the woody structures (see TISSUES, 

 VEGETABLE). This character, mostly very 

 evident both in perpendicular and horizon- 

 tal sections of the stems, is illustrated by 

 figs. 456 & 461. 



MONOGRAM'MA, Schk. A genus of 

 Grammitideae, consisting of small grass- or 

 rush-like plants, the simplest in structure 

 of all the Ferns. Several species, tropical. 

 (Hooker, Synops. 374.) 



MONOL'ABIS, Ehr. A genus of Rota- 

 toria, of the family Philodintea. 



Char. Eyes two, frontal; tail-like foot 

 with two toes ; horns absent. 



Two species. 



M. gracilis (PL 44. fig. 10). Body slender, 

 no cervical process nor respiratory tube; 

 teeth two in each jaw ; freshwater. Length 

 1-240 to 1-144". 



BIBL. Ehr. Infus. 497. 



MONOR'MIA, Berkeley. A genus of 

 Nostochaceae (Confervoid Algae), with a 

 definite, linear, convoluted frond, enclosing 

 a single moniliform filament ; differing from 

 Nostoc in the convoluted frond being devoid 

 of the common membranous pellicle. Mo- 

 normia intricata occurs in gelatinous 

 masses, about as large as a walnut, of a 

 reddish-brown colour, floating in slightly 

 brackish ditches. When the spermatic cells 

 are quite mature, the definite outline of the 

 linear frond is almost lost, and there is little 

 to distinguish the plant from Trichormus, 

 except the peculiar convolutions of the 

 moniliform filament; the frond then also 

 assumes a greenish tint. 



BIBL. Berk., Glean, of Br. Alga, t. 18 ; 

 Ralfs, Ann. N. If. ser. 2. vol. v. pL 8. fig. 1 j 

 Harvey, Phyc. Br. t. 256 ; Hassall, Algae, t. 

 75. fig. 11. Nostoc intricatum, Meneghini, 

 Anabcena intricata, Kiitz., Tab. Phyc. i. t. 94. 

 fig. 1 ; Rabenhorst, Alg. ii. 183. 



MONOSI'GA, Kt. A genus of Choano- 

 $agellate Infusoria. 



Char. Bodies naked, solitary, sessile or 

 stalked, with a single tiagellum, and an an- 

 terior funnel-shaped collar composed of sar- 

 code. Nine species, freshwater and marine ; 

 1. 1-5000 to 1-2500". (Kent, Infus. 329.) 



MOXOSPI'LUS, Sars. A genus of 

 Lynceidse (Entomostraca). 



Char. Carapace of series of superimposed 

 valves; head depressed; no compound 

 eye. 



BIBL. Norman and Brady, Mon. Nat. 

 Hist. Tr. Northumb. 



MONOSTE'GIA, D'Orb. ; MONOTHA- 

 LA'MIA, Schultze. Instituted as an order; 

 but one-chambered Foraminifera are found 

 in most of the chief families, and therefore 

 cannot constitute a separate group. Thus 

 Proteonina, Squamulina, Cornuspira (PL 23. 

 fig. 13), Vniloculina (PL 23. fig. 3), Tro- 

 chammina (PI. 23. fig. 14), Saccammina, 

 Astrorhiza,Lagena(\. 23. figs. 22-27), Ovu- 

 lites, Orbulina (PL 24. fig. 1), and Spirittitia 

 (PL 24. fig. 5) are either usually or constantly 

 unilocular. 



MONOSTRO'MA, Thuret. A genus of 

 Ulvaceae (Confervoid Algae), of which M. 

 bullosum (Ulva bullosa, Roth) is the type, 

 distinguished from Ulva by consisting only 

 of a single layer of cells, and these being 

 roundish (mostly grouped in fours), im- 

 bedded in an apparently homogeneous ge- 

 latinous membrane (PL 9. fig. 1 a). This 

 plant is reproduced by zoospores formed 

 from the cell-contents, and discharged by 

 bursting of the cell-wall (fig. 1 6, c). They 

 have four cilia. 



Currey has described, under the name of 

 M. roseum, a plant which we think scarcely 

 referable here, but rather to MICROCYSTIS. 



BIBL. Thuret, Ann. Sc. Nat. 3 sfo. xiv. 

 225, pi. 21. figs. 1-4 ; id. Mem. Soc. Sclent, 

 de Cherbourg, ii. 1, 1854. 



MONOSTY'LA, Ehr. A genus of Rota- 

 toria, of the family Euchlanidota. 



Char. Eye single, cervical ; tail-like foot 

 simply styhform ; carapace depressed. 



Four species : three, Ehrenberg ; and one 

 other, Gosse. 



M. quadridentata (PL 44. fig. 11). Cara- 

 pace yellowish, fore part of head deeply 

 cleft in four horns; freshwater. Length 

 1-120". 



BIBL. Ehr. Infus. 459; Gosse, Ann. N. H. 

 1851, viii. 200. 



MONOTOS'PORA, Corda.-A genus of 

 Dernatiei (Hyphomycetous Fungi), of which 

 one species has been found in England, 

 growing on dead bark of the yew. M. me- 

 galospora, Berk, and Br. Filaments erect, 

 simple, straight, nearly equal, articulated. 

 Spores terminal, obovate, even, -00133 to 

 0014" long. Fries regards this genus with 

 doubt. 



BIBL. Berk, and Broome, Ann. N. H. 

 2 ser. xiii. 462, pi. 15. fig. 11 j Fries, Sum. 

 Veg. 497. 



iMONSTRIL'LA, Dana. A genus of 

 Copepodous Entomostraca. M. Anglica', 



